the value is in the knowledge, and the knowledge is inside the observer and the creator, in

other words, the human.

It's not inside the thing itself.

For example, oil is useless unless you know how to refine it, burn it, and use it for

combustion.

Information is useless unless there's a brand there to receive it.

There could be a signal broadcasting English into outer space, but if there isn't a creature

capable of understanding what that language is, how it works and who's conveying it, then

it's just modulated electromagnetic frequencies that don't mean anything.

So a lot of the information and a lot of the value is within a particular knowledge

bearing entity.

As science grows, it's reach.

We've gotten to a very reductive science where we break things down to smaller, smaller

pieces, and then we try and explain things on the basis of that.

And there is a counter trend in science, which is complexity theory.

We talk about emergent properties and higher level systems where we're starting to now look

at systems as they operate chaotically and unpredictably at a micro level, but at a macro

level, we can make certain statements about them that do have explanatory power.

So humans are unique in our capability to understand things.

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