View the Show Notes For This Episode Get Free Weekly Health Tips from Dr. Hyman Sign Up for Dr. Hyman’s Weekly Longevity Journal There are several different schools of thought behind obesity and metabolic dysfunction, for example, the energy balance model or “calories-in, calories-out” perspective that many people have felt fooled by. While calories certainly are one piece, there is much more to the puzzle of weight management and metabolic health, like hormonal cascades and oxidative stress. My guest today is Dr. Robert Lustig, an author and neuroendocrinologist with expertise in metabolism, obesity, and nutrition. He has dedicated his retirement from clinical medicine to help fix the food supply in any way he can, to reduce human suffering, and to promote a collective vision of metabolic health: protect the liver, feed the gut, support the brain.  In this episode we discuss: Is a calorie really just a calorie? (7:24) The surprising truth: All models of energy intake are a little right and a little wrong (9:20) Proven methods for reducing insulin to support weight loss (29:39) What are obesogens and how are they hijacking our metabolic health? (32:00) Reactive oxygen species and aging (and how to reduce them) (38:05) Why glucose and insulin monitoring are powerful levers for metabolic health (42:15) Summing up the facts and our beliefs around calories and weight (47:00) The cellular impact of oxidative stress and chronic stress (54:00) Monch Monch: a new fiber solution for absorbing simple sugars and preventing glucose spikes as well as increasing satiety and boosting microbial diversity (1:02:20) Food addiction in adults and children and addressing the root cause (1:10:45) What actions can we take based on scientific advances to make our lives better? (1:24:15) Why any food that feeds the gut, protects the liver, and supports the brain is a healthy food (1:33:35) Perfact and how to use it to understand what is metabolically healthy at your exact grocery store (1:40:20) This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Pendulum, ARMRA Colostrum, and Wonderfeel.  Streamline your lab orders with Rupa Health. Access more than 3,000 specialty lab tests and register for a FREE live demo at RupaHealth.com. Pendulum is offering listeners 20% off their first month’s subscription of Akkermansia for gut health. Visit PendulumLife.com and use code HYMAN. Save 15% on your first order of ARMRA Colostrum and unlock the power of 400+ functional nutrients. Just visit TryARMRA.com/Mark or use code MARK. Youngr™ NMN works by increasing your levels of NAD, a critical molecule our bodies produce that we literally need to survive. Feel the wonder of innovation at getwonderfeel.com. If you’re interested in checking out Levels, you can head over to levels.link/HYMAN to learn more and get a special offer if you decide to sign up.