Midlife is often seen as a point of no return for health, but it could be the perfect moment to make a radical change. New research suggests that your gut microbiome holds the key to aging well, protecting you from chronic disease, and even reversing some of the damage from years of poor diet and stress. Few people understand this better than Rich Roll, who went from an overweight, junk-food-addicted workaholic to one of the world’s fittest men - all after the age of 40. Now a plant-fuelled ultramarathoner and bestselling author, Rich shares the wake-up call that forced him to transform his life. He’s joined by Professor Tim Spector, one of the world’s top 100 most cited scientists and professor of epidemiology at King’s College London, who explains why gut health becomes even more important as we age - and how small changes to diet, movement, and daily habits can have an outsized impact later in life. 🥑 Make smarter food choices. Become a member at zoe.com - 10% off with code PODCAST 🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30+ *Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system Follow ZOE on Instagram. Timecodes 00:00 A life-changing health transformation 00:38 Overweight, exhausted, and stuck at 40 01:16 How ultra-processed food harms your body 02:08 Can you really transform your health at midlife? 03:18 The biggest myth about changing your health 05:10 From addiction to peak performance 08:40 What happens to the body on a fast food diet 10:26 Unexpected benefits of a plant-based diet 15:30 Gut microbes control more than you think 21:19 Gut health, mood, and mental clarity - what’s the link? 25:00 Does exercise improve your gut microbiome? 27:55 How movement increases your healthspan 30:12 Do elite athletes have better gut health? 32:45 Fuelling extreme endurance without meat 36:00 Tim’s #1 food for gut health 39:05 How to make small changes that actually stick 41:30 Why motivation is overrated—just start 45:00 The mindset shift that makes exercise easier 48:20 It’s never too late to take control of your health 📚Books by our ZOE Scientists The Food For Life Cookbook Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector Free resources from ZOE Live Healthier: Top 10 Tips From ZOE Science & Nutrition Gut Guide - For a Healthier Microbiome in Weeks  Mentioned in today's episode The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids, 2021, published in Gut Microbes Signatures of early frailty in the gut microbiota, 2016, published in Genome Medicine Elevated Inflammatory Status and Increased Risk of Chronic Disease in Chronological Aging: Inflamm-aging or Inflamm-inactivity?, 2019, published in Aging and Disease Heterochronic faecal transplantation boosts gut germinal centres in aged mice, 2019, published in Nature Communications Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here. Episode transcripts are available here.