AI is rapidly reshaping the workplace. More companies are turning to it as a substitute for hiring or retraining workers, and that's raising urgent questions about the future of the job market.

For many families, the uncertainty can feel personal. What kinds of jobs will their children or anyone entering the workforce years from now actually have?

Robert Reich is a professor of public policy at University

of California, Berkeley, and the former Labor Secretary under President Bill Clinton. And he wrote

about this recently in his substack essay titled, How Your Kids Will Make Money in a World of AI. And he

joins us now. Thanks for being here. Delighted. How were you, Jeff? I'm doing well, and I have

wanted to speak with you ever since reading your substack because of the really interesting way

you categorize work. You say there are three categories of jobs, making, thinking, and caring.

Which of these do you think is most at risk from AI and why? Well, the making jobs really have been automated over the last

30 to 40 years. You go into a manufacturing facility today and it's mostly computerized machine

tools. The thinking jobs are the ones that are most at risk from artificial intelligence, because artificial intelligence

really will be automated many thinking jobs. I'm talking about everything from doctors to lawyers,

accountants, people who are, and called themselves professionals, who have got a lot of degrees,

but whose particular thinking processes can be replicated and is being replicated by AI.

What role do you see for education, university, schools, vocational programs, and adapting to this

new AI-shaped economy?

Well, there are certainly going to be jobs in improving AI and in installing and servicing

AI. There are going to be a lot of jobs, inevitably important jobs, in critical thinking

and assessment. But many professional jobs, the kind of jobs

that people have spent a lot of money to get professional degrees for, may not be delivering.

Even today, a lot of computer engineering jobs have been essentially automated away by AI. So the job market is going to

change. Now, the caring jobs, the third category of jobs, the people who provide personal care,

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