This past Saturday marked four years since the murder of George Floyd at the hands of police in Minneapolis.

Floyd's killing sparked a global uprising and sweeping promises of racial justice and police reform.

But four years later, there's been some backlash to the changes that were set into motion,

and in some cases, public attitudes have shifted.

To help assess where things stand now with police reforms, we're joined by Philip Ativa Solomon.

He leads the Center for Policing Equity and is chair of African American Studies and a professor of psychology at Yale University.

Thanks so much for being with us.

Thanks, Jeff.

We know at the federal level that George Floyd Justice and Policing Act has stalled,

but at the state and local levels,

how much would you say policing has actually changed since May of 2020?

So when we talk about policing we can talk about that at multiple different levels.

When we talk about it we could say the culture of policing itself.

We can talk about attitudes around policing, but I assume what you mean are the policies

that regulate policing.

And there I can say it's kind of a mixed bag, right?

So we've had some places that looked to literally

abolish their entire police department

and replace it with departments of public safety, and and some places that were making more incremental change.

Some of the incremental change, like bans on chokeholds, new pursuit policies, those have moved forward,

and some of the attempts to reduce police budgets have maintained as well.

But I have to say post the murder spike in 2021 and 2022,

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