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I'm Hello and welcome to the history of Vikings.

Today I'm joined by Dr. Terry Adrian Ginell, Professor of Folklouristics at the history of Vikings. Today I'm joined by Dr. Terry Adrian Gunnell, professor of folkloristics at the University of Iceland.

Dr. Gannel has written a great deal of books concerning the Old Norse world and the Viking Age, including the Nordic Apocalypse, approaches to Voluspa in Nordic Days of Judgment and masks and mummeying in the Nordic area. And certainly I will

put links to those books in the description below. Dr. Ginell, thank you so much for joining me today.

Nice to be with you. Well, I'm so excited to have you on the podcast because our topic of

conversation today is something I've been wanting to delve into for quite some time, and that

is the historical worship of the

Norse gods. On this podcast, we've talked a lot about the Norse myths as presented in

Snorri Sterlinson's prose edda and the poetic edda and the various Icelandic sagas where

many of the Norse gods make appearances, but we've never really talked about how in Old Norse

society the Norse actually worshipped their gods. Now, I understand that the evidence for this

is perhaps somewhat limited, but very basically, I'll just ask you what kind of evidence is available

to us for the historical worship of the Norse gods?

Well, certainly, as you say, we have in later times the sagas and the edict poems,

but as regards to the sagas, certainly that they're recorded, written down in about

from 12, 13th, 14th century, which is a number of centuries after Christianity took

over. They're based on oral memories of families, but nonetheless, we need to bear in mind

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