Refusenik was an unofficial term for individuals—typically, but not exclusively, Soviet Jews—who were denied permission to emigrate, primarily to Israel, by the authorities of the Soviet Union and other countries of the Eastern bloc. The term refusenik is derived from the "refusal" handed down to a prospective emigrant from the Soviet authorities. Eric Hochstein was a staff member for Senator Carl Levin of Michigan working on human rights. Human rights were a big issue for Senator Levin.  Eric went as part of a standard commercial tour of the SU for two weeks from Sep 28th,1980, where he visited Moscow, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Odessa, and Leningrad. Eric and his colleagues used this trip to peel off and visit various Refusenik families to bring them news, messages and supplies.  Only protected by a US passport and a tourist visa Eric travelled by public transport under surveillance from the KGB carrying supplies for the families included Levi jeans which were better than money in the Soviet Union of the 1980s.  0:00 Introduction 2:50 Guest Introduction: Eric Hochstein  6:51 Lead-up to Eric Hochstein's trip to the USSR 13:41 Arrival and first impressions of the Soviet Union 23:39 Interaction with Refusenik families and their conditions 29:42 Anecdotes about being followed by the KGB 36:04 Soviet people's awareness about the United States and the West 40:12 Impressions of Leningrad and merchandise scarcity in Soviet Union 45:12 Acknowledgement and thanks to patrons 46:41 Cold War Conversations store promotion Table of contents powered by PodcastAI✨ I could really use your support to help me to capture and preserve these amazing stories of the Cold War.  If you could make either a one-off or better still sign up to monthly donations to help me to find the time to produce and finance the project. If you’d like to know more just go to cwc.com/donate If you can’t wait for next week’s episode do visit our Facebook discussion group where guests and listeners continue the Cold War Conversation. Just search Cold War Conversations in Facebook. Peter Ryan is your host today and I am delighted to welcome Eric Hochstein to our Cold War conversation… There’s further information here. https://coldwarconversations.com/episode215 Thank you very much for listening. It is really appreciated – goodbye. Support the project! https://coldwarconversations.com/donate/ Follow us on Twitter https://twitter.com/ColdWarPod Facebook https://www.facebook.com/groups/coldwarpod/ Instagram https://www.instagram.com/coldwarconversations/ Youtube https://youtube.com/@ColdWarConversations Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices