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Campus Files

Harvard's Funding Freeze

Campus Files

Audacy

Society & Culture, History, True Crime, Documentary

4.67.2K Ratings

🗓️ 3 September 2025

⏱️ 29 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Since World War II, America has led the world in science and medicine by making an unusual choice: instead of keeping research in government labs, it invested directly in universities. That partnership fueled decades of discovery and breakthroughs. But today, that pipeline is under serious threat, and nowhere is the impact clearer than at Harvard. This week, Dr. Joan Brugge, director of Harvard’s Ludwig Cancer Center, joins us to explore what’s at stake for scientific progress and for America’s place on the global stage. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Transcript

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0:00.0

A new season of Survivor means a new season of On Fire, the only official Survivor podcast.

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0:17.1

So if you love Survivor, I think you're going to love On Fire.

0:19.9

Follow and listen to On Fire with Jeff Probst on the free Odyssey app or wherever you get your podcast.

0:31.9

In September of 1928, Alexander Fleming, a bacteriologist at St. Mary's Hospital, returned from vacation to discover

0:40.4

something strange. He'd been studying Staphylococcus bacteria, the kind that causes everything

0:46.4

from skin infections to pneumonia, and had forgotten to throw away a few petri dishes before his

0:51.8

trip. Now, they were covered in a strange blue-green mold.

0:56.5

Most scientists would have tossed them out, but Fleming looked closer.

1:00.8

Wherever the mold had spread, the deadly bacteria around it had simply vanished.

1:06.7

He called the mysterious substance, penicillin.

1:15.6

Fleming discovered that the penicillin could kill a stunning range of dangerous bacteria, potentially the basis for life-saving medicine.

1:18.6

But there was a problem.

1:20.6

He could barely produce enough to fill a teaspoon, let alone treat patients.

1:24.6

So, for more than a decade, penicillin sat on a shelf, little more than a scientific curiosity.

1:34.3

Then came World War II.

1:36.3

And suddenly, Fleming's forgotten mold became the most valuable substance on Earth.

1:42.3

Soldiers weren't just dying from bullets and bombs,

1:46.5

but from infections that turned small wounds into death sentences.

1:51.2

The Allies knew penicillin could potentially save these lives,

...

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