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Invest Like the Best with Patrick O'Shaughnessy

Gokul Rajaram - Lessons from Investing in 700 Companies - [Invest Like the Best, EP.456]

Invest Like the Best with Patrick O'Shaughnessy

Colossus

Technology, Business, Investing

4.72.5K Ratings

🗓️ 29 January 2026

⏱️ 79 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

My guest today is ⁠Gokul Rajaram⁠, Founding Partner at Marathon Management. Gokul is one of the most prolific product builders and investors of the last twenty years. He has built the core ad and product businesses at Google, Facebook, Square, and DoorDash, working at each company during its most formative scaling periods. Alongside his operating career, Gokul has invested in more than 700 companies, giving him an unusually broad view into how products are built and scaled. This conversation is about how product building is changing with AI. We discuss the one thing Gokul believes is truly future-proof in AI, why companies like Zendesk and Slack are more exposed than Salesforce or NetSuite, and the only sources of defensibility.  We also talk about everything Gokul has learned from helping build the most important ads businesses, including the only three ways an ad business can make money, how those constraints shape product decisions, and what consumer behavior change threatens every major platform. Gokul shares lessons from working closely with Larry and Sergey, Mark Zuckerberg, Jack Dorsey, and Tony Xu. For the full show notes, transcript, and links to mentioned content, check out the episode page ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.  ----- This episode is brought to you by⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠Ramp⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Ramp’s mission is to help companies manage their spend in a way that reduces expenses and frees up time for teams to work on more valuable projects. Go to⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠ramp.com/invest⁠⁠ to sign up for free and get a $250 welcome bonus. ----- This episode is brought to you by⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Vanta⁠. Trusted by thousands of businesses, Vanta continuously monitors your security posture and streamlines audits so you can win enterprise deals and build customer trust without the traditional overhead. Visit ⁠vanta.com/invest⁠.  -----⁠ Rogo⁠ is the AI platform for finance. They're building agents for Wall Street that are trained to understand how bankers and investors actually do work: from diligence and modeling, to turning analysis into deliverables. To learn more, visit rogo.ai/invest. ----- This episode is brought to you by⁠ ⁠WorkOS⁠⁠. WorkOS is a developer platform that enables SaaS companies to quickly add enterprise features to their applications. Visit⁠ ⁠WorkOS.com⁠⁠ to transform your application into an enterprise-ready solution in minutes, not months. ----- ⁠Ridgeline⁠ has built a complete, real-time, modern operating system for investment managers. It handles trading, portfolio management, compliance, customer reporting, and much more through an all-in-one real-time cloud platform. Visit⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ridgeline.ai⁠. ----- Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant (⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://thepodcastconsultant.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠). Timestamps (00:00:00) Welcome to Invest Like The Best (00:00:53) Meet Gokul Rajaram (00:02:05) How Product Development is Changing with AI (00:07:32) Philosophy of Product Management (00:10:19) What is Future-Proof in AI Era (00:11:25) Building AI Applications Today (00:15:03) Systems of Record vs Agent Companies (00:16:58) Which Legacy Software Companies Are Most Exposed (00:22:15) Stickiness in the AI Era (00:24:10) Learning from Larry Page and Sergey Brin (00:28:15) Learning from Mark Zuckerberg (00:31:31) Learning from Jack Dorsey (00:35:40) The Art of Great Product Design (00:36:49) Weekly CEO Communication (00:40:27) Three Ways to Succeed in Advertising (00:44:27) What Should Scare Major Ad Platforms (00:48:24) North Star Metrics (00:50:09) Self-Serve Products (00:54:50) Careers in the AI Era (00:59:03) Stay Long Enough to Have Impact (01:00:10) Founder Authenticity and Superpowers (01:02:21) Navigating the Idea Maze (01:03:42) Role of Boards (01:06:31) Excellence in Customer Acquisition  (01:09:11) The Kindest Thing

Transcript

Click on a timestamp to play from that location

0:00.0

Here's an interesting question to think about. If your finance team suddenly had an extra week every month, what would you have them work on?

0:05.9

Most CFOs don't know because their finance teams are grinding it out on lost expense reports, invoice coding, and tracking down receipts until the last possible minute.

0:13.7

That's exactly the problem that Ramps set out to solve. Looking at the parts of finance, everyone quietly hates and asking why are humans doing any of this?

0:21.7

Turns out they don't need to. Ramp's AI handles 85% of expense reviews automatically with 99%

0:27.8

accuracy, which means your finance team stops being the department that processes stuff and starts

0:32.6

being the team that thinks about stuff. Here's the real shift. Companies using Ramp aren't just

0:37.1

saving time. They're reallocating it. While competitors spend two weeks closing their books, you're already planning next quarter. While they're cleaning up spreadsheets, you're thinking about new pricing strategy, new markets, and where the next dollar of ROI comes from. That difference compounds. Go to ramp.com slash invest to try ramp and see how much leverage your team gains when the

0:55.9

work you have to do stops getting in the way of the work that you want to do. Investing is hard.

1:00.1

It's an apprenticeship industry with messy data, complicated workflows, and decisions that demand

1:04.1

judgment. Investing needs specialized AI, and that's why I'm so excited about Rogo. Rogo is an AI platform

1:10.4

purpose-filled for Wall Street, not a generic chatbot, but a suite of

1:13.5

agents designed around how bankers and investors actually work, from sourcing, diligence, and

1:17.9

modeling to turning analysis into deliverables. Finance requires deep domain expertise far

1:22.9

beyond your average chatbot. As listeners of this podcast know, every investment firm is unique,

1:27.4

with its own thesis, internal notes, templates, and ways of investing. Generic AI can be impressive, but it doesn't actually understand your process, and that's where the advantage lives. For me, three things set Rogo apart. One, it connects directly to your system, so it can work with your actual data, internal, and external. Two, it understands your workflows, how work really happens across a deal or an investment. And three, it runs end to end and produces

1:48.4

real outputs in the way that your best people do, auditable spreadsheets, investment memos,

1:53.0

diligence materials, and slide decks that match your standards. Rogo is built by a deeply

1:57.4

technical AI team with real finance DNA, large language models for finance

2:01.6

professionals by finance professionals, and it's already being adopted by some of the most

2:05.4

demanding institutions in the world. The teams that get this right early won't just move faster,

2:09.9

they'll compound better decisions, train their own AI analyst, and the gap will widen.

2:14.2

The Rogo team's vision is distinct, make the most ambitious investors even better,

...

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