IQ was coined by psychologist William Stern for the German term intelligence quotient.

The IQ test led to the development of the tests used in the army starting in World War I to

determine what job each soldier should get based on several mental tests. It has been modified over the

years and it's now called the ASVAB test. This is the test that anybody potentially wanting to join the military will take in order to figure out what job they're going to get when they get to their station.

These types of tests were also used for eugenic purposes and played a significant role in the history and culture of the United States during the progressive era until the involvement of the U.S. in World War II.

Henry H. Goddard, a eugenicist, had even published his own version of the test in 1908.

It was the version of the test that came between the first version and the version that was accepted for most of the 20th century.

He helped with the expansion of the test to public schools in 1913 and then into immigration

and to the court of law in 1914. Ultimately, it was Lewis Terman who conducted long-term

studies on gifted children and advocated for differentiated education for them. In 1957, after the Soviet

Union launched Sputnik, the U.S. felt pressured to produce more scientists, engineers, and

innovators. So this led to a surge in educational reform. With this surge came the identifying

and developing of intellectually gifted students to maintain national competitiveness.

It is important to remember that this was also a time when schools were segregated.

So a lot of the controversy around the gifted and talented program is its inequity.

But the likelihood of them having a gate program in black schools was low because

they believe that black people were not as smart as white people, which we obviously know now

is not the truth. And at the time, white people ran the country and black people had little to no

influence at all. So if they were using these programs to influence society, which we'll talk about in a little while, it makes more sense that they wouldn't put this program into black schools.

Not that I'm saying it's okay. I'm just saying that's what led to the inequity to begin with.

By the 1970s, the federal government began to take more formal steps forward with the program.

In 1972, the Marlin Report was presented to Congress.

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