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Science Friday

Geoengineering Climate Change, Tasmanian Tiger, New Water Plan. Jan 3, 2020, Part 1

Science Friday

Science Friday and WNYC Studios

Natural Sciences, Wnyc, Science, Friday, Life Sciences

4.46.3K Ratings

🗓️ 3 January 2020

⏱️ 47 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

In the context of climate change, geoengineering refers to deliberate, large-scale manipulations of the planet to slow the effects of human-induced global warming—whether by removing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it safely, or altering the atmosphere to reflect the amount of incoming sunlight that is absorbed as heat.  But neither strategy is uncomplicated to deploy. Carbon capture is expensive and is often used to enhance fossil fuel extraction, not to actually reduce emissions. Meanwhile, altering our atmosphere would require maintenance indefinitely until we actually reduce emissions—that, or risk a whiplash of warming that plants could not adapt to.  UCLA researcher Holly Buck is the author of a new book that examines these complexities. She explains to Ira why geoengineering could still be a valid strategy for buying time while we reduce emissions, and why any serious deployment of geoengineering technology would require a re-imagining of society as well. Welcome to the Charismatic Creature Corner! Last month, we introduced this new monthly segment about creatures (broadly defined) that we deem charismatic (even more broadly defined).  In the first creature spotlight, we marveled at slime molds, which look and feel like snot but can solve mazes. This time, a far more conventionally charismatic creature was nominated—but one mired in tragedy and mystery.  Meet the Tasmanian tiger, believed to have gone extinct decades ago, but spotted all over Australia to this day. Tasmanian tigers, also known as “thylacines,” look like dogs, have stripes like tigers, but aren’t closely related to either because they’re actually marsupials. They have pouches like kangaroos and koalas, and are even believed to have hopped on two feet at times!   The last known Tasmanian tiger died in a zoo in 1936 and they were declared extinct in the 1980s, but people claim to have never stopped seeing them. There have been thousands of sightings of Tasmanian tigers, crossing roads and disappearing into the bush, lurking around campsites, even following people on their way home. But solid proof eludes us. So if they’re truly still around, they’re particularly sneaky at hiding from modern surveillance.  Science Friday’s Elah Feder returns to convince Ira that Tasmanian tigers—dead or alive—are indeed worthy of our coveted Charismatic Creature title, with the help of Gregory Berns, a psychology professor at Emory University. We also hear from Neil Waters, president of the Thylacine Awareness Group of Australia, who’s dedicating the next two years of his life to finding proof the tigers are still out there. Nara Bopp was working at a thrift store in Moab, Utah the morning of March 4 when her desk started moving. “I immediately assumed that it was a garbage truck,” Bopp said. She looked out the window. No garbage truck. No construction nearby either. So she did the same thing she does every time something weird happens in Moab: She logged onto the town’s unofficial Facebook page to see what was up. “Pretty much everyone was saying: ‘Did you just feel that earthquake?’ or, ‘Did you just feel something shaking? Was that an earthquake? Does Moab even get earthquakes? This is crazy,’” Bopp said. Moab doesn’t normally have earthquakes people can feel. This one—at a magnitude 4.5—didn’t cause any damage. But it was enough to get people’s attention in communities all along the Utah-Colorado border. Many took to social media to post about the uncharacteristic shaking. Earthquakes can feel like a freak of nature, something that strikes at random. But not this one. There’s no question where it came from and that human activity caused it. Since the turn of the 20th century, the Colorado River and its tributaries have been dammed and diverted to sustain the growth of massive cities and large-scale farming in the American Southwest. Attempts to bend the river system to humanity’s will have also led to all kinds of unintended consequences. In Colorado’s Paradox Valley, those unintended consequences take the form of earthquakes. Read more at sciencefriday.com.

Transcript

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0:00.0

This is Science Friday. I'm Ira Flato. Later in the hour, as large portions of Australia burn,

0:07.2

what are we prepared to do to slow climate change? Geoengineering sounds dramatic, but my guest

0:13.9

researcher says it could help buy time. All that later, but first, the federal government spends

0:19.5

billions of dollars of your money every

0:21.5

year funding scientific research. And yet in many cases, when the results of that research are

0:26.6

published, it can take a full year before the public can read those results for free. The Trump

0:32.4

administration wants to change that and make all taxpayer-funded research available immediately, but publishing companies

0:39.6

aren't happy about it.

0:40.9

Joining me now with more of that is Ryan Mandelbaum, science reporter at Gizmodo here in New York.

0:46.5

Welcome back.

0:47.2

Always good to be here, Ira.

0:48.2

Happy New Year to you.

0:48.9

Happy New Year.

0:49.7

Oh, let's talk about this.

0:51.3

President Obama began to open up access to taxpayer-funded research by making it free after a year behind a paywall, right? But President Trump wants to go even further with this.

1:01.8

So, yeah, it's a rumor right now. They won't comment on this pending decision, but it's a rumor that the White House might actually make all federally funded research open access immediately afterwards.

1:12.5

That's exciting to me, somebody who needs to read a lot of this research, and it's exciting,

1:16.5

I'm sure, to those who have to spend a lot of money on papers, thousands of dollars for some

1:20.4

journal subscriptions.

1:22.4

And obviously, as soon as this rumor came about, the publishing companies said, oh, no, we can't.

1:28.1

This is our business model.

1:29.2

There's no way we could change things now.

...

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