Understanding the human body is a team effort. That's where the Yachtel group comes in.

Researchers at Yachtolt have been delving into the secrets of probiotics for 90 years.

Yacold also partners with nature portfolio to advance gut microbiome science through the global grants for gut health, an investigator-led research program.

To learn more about Yachtolt, visit yawcult.co.

.jp.j. That's y-A-K-U-L-T.C-O.J-P. When it comes to a guide for your gut, count on Yacult.

This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Christopher in Taliatta.

As in many other fields, gender bias pervades the sciences.

Men score higher starting salaries, they have more mentoring, and they have better odds of being hired.

Studies show they're also perceived as more competent than women in STEM fields.

And new research reveals that men are more likely to

receive excellent letters of recommendation, too. Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had.

Cuhayley Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University's Lamont campus.

Compare those excellent letters, she says, to a merely good letter.

The candidate was intelligent or productive or a solid scientist or whatever, something that was clearly solid praise.

But nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one-of-a-kind.

Dut and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for post-talk positions in geoscience.

And they were all redacted for gender and other identifying information, so Dudd and her team

could assign them a score without knowing the sex of the student.

They found that female applicants were only half as likely to snag superlative letters

compared to their male counterparts.

That includes letters of rec from all over

the world and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.

...