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Science Friday

Faster COVID-19 Testing, Hell Ants. August 14, 2020, Part 1

Science Friday

Science Friday and WNYC Studios

Life Sciences, Natural Sciences, Wnyc, Friday, Science

4.4 • 6.3K Ratings

🗓️ 14 August 2020

⏱️ 47 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Throughout the pandemic, testing has continued to be one of the biggest issues, particularly in the United States. Some scientists say that the solution is to rethink our COVID-19 testing strategy, focusing on making faster, cheaper tests. While these more cost-effective tests may be lower in sensitivity than the PCR tests and perhaps not as accurate, they would allow for more people to get tested and receive faster results. The system can also help improve case tracking—which is essential as more people return to work, school, and daily lives. Eric Topol, the founder and director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute, talks about how these tests can look ahead for infectious patients rather than those already infected. Plus, epidemiologist Anne Wylie walks us through what the process would look like to develop a rapid test. Plus, we’re back with another installment of the Charismatic Creature Corner! This is Science Friday’s place to highlight creatures (broadly defined) that we think are charismatic (even more broadly defined). This month, we’re bringing you an ancient ant relative with a possibly offputting name: the Hell Ant. This insect was a subspecies of ants that lived in the Cretaceous period, when T. rexes and velociraptors roamed the earth. The largest hell ants were about a centimeter and a half long, which isn’t much different than some modern ants. What makes hell ants so cool, however, is their dramatic headgear. They sport jaws that look like mammoth tusks, sticking out of their faces and moving up and down, a motion similar to our own jaws. Hell ants also had horn-like protrusions coming out of their foreheads, which may have helped them catch and eat prey. SciFri’s new Charismatic Creatures Correspondent Kathleen Davis tries to convince Ira that these extinct insects are worthy of the coveted Charismatic Creature title, with the help of Phil Barden, assistant professor of biology at the New Jersey Institute of Technology in Newark, New Jersey.  Also, climate activists have struggled to convince lawmakers to meaningfully reduce the country’s carbon footprint. Now, new research ties air pollution’s monetary cost to arguments for change. As Vox reports, a Duke University researcher presented findings to Congress last week that air pollution’s effects are roughly twice as bad as previously thought, potentially costing the United States as much as $700 billion per year in avoidable death, illness, and lost productivity—more than the estimated price tag for transitioning to clean energy.

Transcript

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0:00.0

This is Science Friday. I'm Ira Flato. A bit later in the hour, we'll talk about an unappreciated insect, the hell ant.

0:08.5

It's the latest installment of Charismatic Creature Corner, plus a look at whether it's time to rethink COVID-19 testing.

0:15.7

But first, people concerned about our climate crisis are pushing for a faster transition to 100% clean

0:22.4

energy, a result that has another benefit, removing not just CO2, but removing the health hazards

0:29.1

of air pollution. New research shows these hazards are twice as bad as we once thought,

0:35.4

meaning twice as much death, twice as many health problems, and reducing air pollution could save twice as bad as we once thought, meaning twice as much death, twice as many health problems,

0:38.8

and reducing air pollution could save twice as much money. Vox staff writer Omer I Fon is here

0:45.3

to explain how the savings mean aggressive climate change action could essentially pay for itself.

0:51.5

Welcome back, Omer. Hi, Ira, thanks for having me. I just threw out a lot of big ideas. Can you connect the dots for us between air pollution and climate change? Sure. The fossil fuels that produce carbon dioxide also produce a lot of particulates and a bunch of other hazardous chemicals that have immediate impact on our health and our environment. And we've known this for a long time and research keeps coming in, showing us how dangerous it is for our health.

1:15.2

But in particular, we've had a tougher time teasing out the economic impacts of this.

1:20.1

And recently a researcher, Drew Shindell, who is an author of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Climate Report,

1:26.1

he testified before Congress on some recent research he had conducted

1:29.3

and found that looking at the economics, when he used a high-resolution climate model

1:35.3

that incorporated air pollution, he found that the economic cost of air pollution

1:39.3

are actually almost twice as much as what we had previously thought,

1:43.3

and that if we were to try

1:44.8

to limit climate change in line with the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement, meaning limiting

1:48.9

warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius, we would have huge enormous benefits to our economy.

1:54.7

On the whole, we would probably save about $37 trillion in avoided deaths alone.

2:00.0

You know, twice as bad is a huge difference, right,

2:03.2

between past assumptions and now. What changed in the calculations or the economics of this?

2:09.1

Well, it was basically the being able to simulate more with a higher resolution. They developed a

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