Episode 67: Doug Wallace talks about mitochondria, our human origins and the possibility of mitochondria-targeted therapies

STEM-Talk

Dawn Kernagis and Ken Ford

Alternative Health, Nutrition, Health & Fitness, Natural Sciences, Science

4.7 • 706 Ratings

🗓️ 3 July 2018

⏱️ 104 minutes

🔗️ Recording | iTunes | RSS

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Summary

Today’s guest is Dr. Douglas Wallace, the director of the Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. He is internationally known as the founder of mitochondrial genetics. Mitochondria are tiny structures within cells that produce 90 percent of a person’s energy and play an essential role in health and disease. Dr. Wallace's groundbreaking research in the 1970s defined the genetics of DNA within the mitochondria, as distinct from DNA in a cell's nucleus. His research has shown that mitochondrial DNA is inherited exclusively from the mother and that genetic alterations in the mitochondrial DNA can result in a wide range of metabolic and degenerative diseases. One of Dr. Wallace’s seminal contributions has been to use a mitochondrial DNA variation to reconstruct human origins and the ancient migrations of women. These studies revealed that humans arose in Africa approximately 200,000 years ago, and that women as well as men left Africa about 65,000 years ago to colonize Eurasia. Dr. Wallace was inducted last year into the Italian Academy of Sciences during the academy’s 234th annual meeting in Rome. Founded in 1782, membership in the academy is limited to 40 Italian scientists and 25 foreign members. Over the years, the academy has seen such notable members as Albert Einstein, Benjamin Franklin, Louis Pasteur and Rita Levi-Montalcini.

Transcript

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0:00.0	Welcome to STEM Talk.
0:01.1	Stem Talk.
0:02.0	Stem Talk.
0:03.0	Stem Talk.
0:04.0	Stem Talk, where we introduce you to fascinating people who passionately inhabit the scientific and technical frontiers of our society.
0:14.0	Hi, I'm your host, Don Cornagus, and joining me to introduce today's podcast as a man behind the curtain, Dr. Ken Ford, IHMC's director and chairman
0:21.5	of the double secret selection committee that selects all the guests who appear on STEM Talk.
0:25.6	Hi, Don. Good to be here.
0:27.8	Today's guest is Dr. Douglas Wallace, the director of the Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine
0:33.1	at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. So he and his colleagues essentially founded the field of human mitochondrial genetics more than 40
0:39.9	years ago, and his research showed that mitochondrial DNA is inherited exclusively from the mother
0:45.1	and that genetic alterations in the mitochondrial DNA can result in a wide range of metabolic
0:49.6	and degenerative diseases.
0:51.7	We are each, of course, a colony of cells, and inside each cell are mitochondria, which were
0:57.9	once bacteria that presumably entered our cells several billion years ago.
1:04.2	Mitochondria can be thought of as a kind of bacterial power pack.
1:09.2	There are roughly 500 trillion of them, And yet, for the most part,
1:14.4	they remain largely overlooked. And also one of Dr. Wallace's seminal contributions has been to use
1:20.0	a mitochondrial DNA variation to reconstruct human origins and the ancient migrations of women.
1:25.6	These studies reveal that humans arose in Africa
1:27.8	approximately 200,000 years ago and that women, as well as men left Africa about 65,000
1:32.8	years ago to colonize Eurasia. Before we get to today's interview with Dr. Wallace, we have
	...

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