Hello, everyone. I'm Stephen West. This is philosophize this.

I apologize in advance about my voice. I'm just getting over a cold,

but I really wanted to get something out. I think it starts to get better as the

episode goes on. Maybe this is some sort of metaphor for the last two months of my

life. But glad to be back. I want to give a huge thanks to the people that support

the show on Patreon, huge thanks to the people that contribute what they think

this shows worth on the website and all the people that are buying the new

designs of merch located on the front page too. Couldn't do this without you.

Thanks again. Today's episode we're going to be talking about pragmatism and a

different way of thinking about the concept of truth. I hope you love the show today.

So if you've listened to the show before, you probably know that the late 19th

early 20th century marks a period in Western thought where thinkers are

grappling with a new set of problems surrounding the concept of certainty.

Just think about that though. For thousands of years, picture the Athenian

agra. Soccer teams wakes up every day, wraps a tablecloth around

himself, marches into the middle of town and argues with people all day long,

trying to get just a little bit closer to certainty or truth.

Daycart, toils away in solitude, just trying to figure out what we can know for

certain. The only one left to tell about his findings was his good pal, Wilson

the stove. Hey, Gull, creates one of the most elaborate systems ever trying to

get to the truth. And shortly after, many thinkers started to become downright

pessimistic about this entire pursuit. About every thinker so far when it comes

...