Thanks again, everyone, around the world for fitting me in your busy schedule,

Lauslemont-Gummery here with another installment of this China History Podcast series

that is offering you a no-nonsense overview of the history of Yunnan Province,

part four for you here.

We're going to focus on the Panthe Rebellion this time, 1856 to 1873.

A time we're quite familiar with, filled with uprisings, unrest, and revolts,

and all four corners of the Qing Empire.

The Typing Rebellion ran concurrent with the Panthe Rebellion for almost eight years.

The Nyan Rebellion, almost twelve, and down in southern Guangdong,

the Bunte Cantonese fought their bloody battles with the Haka people for almost the entirety

of the Panthe Rebellion years.

So keep this in mind while our story unfolds.

In addition to the more powerful countries pushing China around in their own land,

the Manchu Qing Imperial government had its hands full-trying to hold their empire together.

That word Panthe was the anglicized term for the Burmese word used for the Yunnanese Muslims.

And the same word was also used for Burmese Muslims who trace their origin from Yunnan,

contradicting etymological interpretations exist about how the word Panthe came about,

but that's the main idea.

That's what Western historians called this, 17-year conflict.

The Chinese named it after the leader of the rebellion, Du Wen Shou.

Elsewhere in Southeast Asia, these Yunnanese were called the Ha, H-A-W,

no matter they were Hui or not.

...