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This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Christopher in Taliatta.

Before the Internet or cell phones, radio, or telegraph,

long-distance communication meant riders on horseback, carrier pigeons, or semaphore.

But various cultures also devised ways to produce audio messages that travel miles,

like the sounds of the Mangoire drums,

of the Bora people in the northwestern Amazon.

The drums look like wooden cannons, with a slit on top.

A player stands between two of them and beats out a rhythm, either purely musical

or a Morse code-like message.

For example, bring the coca leaves for toasting.

They have this fantastic sound which resounds through the jungle and can be heard up to 15 or 20 kilometers away.

Frank Seifard is a linguist at the University of Amsterdam and the University of Cologne.

That extends the range of the human voice by about 100.

There's a drinking game in Bora culture, who can drink the most kohana, a non-alcoholic

cassava drink. The winner might declare, I am finishing the kohana.

Or broadcast that boast on the drums.

Zayfard and his team analyzed those beats and the corresponding spoken phrases

...