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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second science. I'm Steve Merski. Got a minute?

The BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill began in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20th, 2010.

Following the event through 2012, more than a thousand dolphins washed up dead along the Gulf in three major strandings.

That's four to five times higher than the region's usual rate of dolphin deaths. We found that dolphins dying after the oil spill

had distinct adrenal gland and lung lesions that were not present in the stranded dolphins

from other areas. Kathleen Colgrove of the University of Illinois was the lead veterinary pathologist

of the latest in a series of studies analyzing the die-off.

She and her study co-authors took part in a telephone press conference on May 20th.

Now, surprisingly, one in three dolphins that stranded in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama had a thin adrenal gland cortex.

And when looking at just the Barataria Bay dolphins, half of them had this lesion.

Barataria Bay got an especially high dose of oil.

This prevalence was significantly higher than in the reference population, in which less than

one in ten had this lesion. Now, the thinning of the adrenal gland cortex was a very unusual abnormality

for us that has not been previously reported in dolphins in the literature. Now, aside from chemical exposure, conditions that can cause

the adrenal gland to become thin include things like cancer, autoimmune disease, fungal infections,

and tuberculosis. And we do not find any evidence of these alternative causes in the dolphins.

Now, in addition, many dolphins dying after the oil spill, again in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama,

...