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Welcome to Switched on Pop. I'm musicologist Nate Sloan and I'm a songwriter, Charlie Harding.

And we have a very special guest with us today, the author of a recent article in pitchfork called How Auto-Tune

revolutionized the sound of popular music, do you mind introducing yourself?

Hi, it's Simon Reynolds here.

We have Simon Reynolds in the studio and we're so excited to go through this incredibly in depth.

Probably the most encyclopedic thing that's been written on auto-tune up to this point.

And it's great for us because this is I think a feature of pop music that is so ubiquitous that maybe we've never really actually paused to delve into it.

So now here's our chance to begin.

We have to go back two decades to the birth of auto-tune, which was of course in shares 1998 single believe.

Is it crazy that what I hear in that is the producers of Britney Spears' Toxic probably took that little guitar line.

No, I don't think you're crazy. I think the song is a or source for so much pop music to follow.

That's all over here.

So Simon, even though this was maybe the first use of auto-tune in a pop single, the producers of this song did not want to disclose that fact.

Can you tell us more about that?

We put out a story that it was a certain brand of vocoder pedal that they were using.

And I don't know if it was the very first time it was certainly the first time anyone used auto-tune in a blatant way.

It had been around maybe on the market for a year and people used it in the way it was meant to be done, which was to sort of imperceptibly correct errors in singing.

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