4.6 • 9.8K Ratings
🗓️ 20 April 2020
⏱️ 111 minutes
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0:00.0 | Essso wants to help you use your car a little less by hoping on your bike a little more, |
0:04.5 | especially for those shorter trips, like the popping out for a pint of milk trip, |
0:09.8 | or the off-to-pick up the kids' trip, or even the Friday night Chippy trip. |
0:16.0 | And to make the swap easier, every day Essso is giving away an e-bike and 10,000 |
0:20.5 | nectar points that you could spend on cycling gear. Could you do a journey differently? |
0:25.0 | Search Essso Thoughtful Driving to find out more. See terms and conditions at |
0:28.9 | sso.co.uk. Estonishing legends would like to thank Skylight Frames, Squarespace, |
0:33.5 | Best Fiends, The Great Courses Plus, our contributors at patreon.com and you, our listeners, |
0:39.0 | for making tonight's show possible. |
0:41.7 | In 1762, King Louis XV of France secretly seated a vast territory in North America known as |
0:48.6 | Louisiana, which France had controlled for 63 years to King Charles III of Spain. |
0:54.6 | Within 20 years, King Charles was in control of the entire Mississippi River Valley, |
1:00.0 | the jugular vein of shipping and commerce for the new world. |
1:03.8 | Spain would also control all the lands surrounding the Gulf of Mexico, including Florida, |
1:09.2 | and everything west of the Mississippi River to the Pacific and north up to Canada. |
1:14.0 | However, yet another secret agreement, the third Treaty of San Ildefonso |
1:19.4 | signed in October of 1800, now gave control of Louisiana back to France in exchange for territories |
1:26.2 | in Tuscany, Italy. Louisiana, at that point, was 830,000 square miles of land containing all |
1:34.9 | or portions of what is today 15 states and even a few small southern pieces of the Canadian |
1:41.2 | provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Soon, the fledgling United States of America, |
1:48.0 | with only a dozen or so states in its union at the time, would be able to expand westward. |
1:54.5 | Circumstances aligned when France failed to quash a revolution in Saint-Domingue, |
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