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99% Invisible

Constitution Breakdown #9: Alondra Nelson

99% Invisible

SiriusXM Podcasts and Roman Mars

Arts, Design

4.828.1K Ratings

🗓️ 24 April 2026

⏱️ 66 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Roman and Elizabeth discuss Article VI and VII, which includes the all-important Supremacy Clause. Alondra Nelson, a leading expert on AI, is our guest.

Transcript

Click on a timestamp to play from that location

0:00.0

This is the 99% invisible breakdown of the Constitution.

0:05.6

I'm Roman Mars.

0:06.9

And I'm Elizabeth Joe.

0:08.5

Today we're discussing articles 6 and 7.

0:12.2

Roman, why don't we go through both articles and let's save the most important part for last.

0:16.6

Okay, because there's a lot of unimportant parts.

0:19.1

Less important.

0:21.2

Go for it.

0:22.2

So why don't we start with Article 7?

0:24.2

That's the ratification clause.

0:26.0

It may be the least important to talk about today, but actually crucially important for the Constitution itself.

0:31.0

Yeah, sure.

0:32.2

We needed these states to vote on it, and the ratification clause says that nine states would be enough to ratify

0:40.5

or make the constitution itself a legitimate document. So that in fact happened. It comes into

0:46.0

effect on June 21st, 1788 when New Hampshire became the ninth state of the 13 to ratify the

0:52.7

constitution. So it kind of has its own clause to make sure

0:55.7

the document is legit. Got it. That makes sense. Okay. Yeah. So that's pretty clear. No real

1:01.2

important Supreme Court cases on it. So let's turn back to Article 6. Okay. Article 6 is a mishmash of a

1:07.7

bunch of different things. So Article 6, Clause 1 talks about debts that the United

1:13.6

States is already obligated for and still has to pay. And so why is that there? Well, you know,

1:21.4

when the Constitution was drafted, the country still had debts and engagements that were

1:26.7

left over from the Revolutionary War.

...

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