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This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Christopher in Taliatta.

Warmer oceans are putting stress on corals and causing many of them to turn white or bleach.

But some corals under stress are instead becoming strangely colorful,

turning brilliant neon pink, yellow, purple, or blue.

The gift is very vibrant coloration, which really blows you away.

York Viedemann heads the University of Southampton's Coral Reef Laboratory in the UK.

He said he was seeing photos and reports of these brightly colored corals, but no one knew

what was happening, so his lab experimentally bleached corals to find out.

First, though, it's important to understand that corals aren't really a single organism. They're a symbiotic duo, a partnership,

between an algae and a coral. So it's two completely different organisms working together to

create something which they couldn't achieve by themselves.

The algae live inside the coral, where they get shelter and nutrients, and the corals reap the

benefits of photosynthesis. But when the scientists exposed corals to warmer water, they watched

as the coral's symbiotic partners, the algae, slowly abandoned the coral skeleton. Usually,

that's what results in bleaching. But in some cases, without the photosynthetic algae there to

absorb incoming light, more of the light was bouncing around inside the coral's tissue,

and the researchers observed the corals producing neon pigments in response. The pigments seem to be a natural sunscreen,

...