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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.

Various animals evolved coloration that keeps them hidden. A jaguar's patterns help it slink

undetected across the sun-dapled rainforest floor. The modeled pigmentation on the wings of

some moths lets them rest on tree bark undisturbed. And then there are animals that can quickly

change their appearance. For example, the central bearded dragon. This two-foot-long lizard

lives in the more arid parts of Australia. They can change color really quickly, so just in a matter

of seconds or minutes. University of Melbourne biologist Katie Smith. And they do this by moving pigments within specialized skin cells called chromatophores.

Bearded dragons modify their colors for camouflage or to maintain their body temperature

or to communicate with other dragons. Smith wanted to know how they meet all those needs with the

same toolkit.

So she and her team rounded up 12 bearded dragons and put them through a series of tests before releasing them back into the wild.

They found that when the dragons wants to communicate with other members of their species,

they changed the colors on their neck.

And this is actually one of the reasons they're called bearded dragons because they look

like they have a really serious five o'clock shadow.

Changes to their backs were for temperature regulation.

Shifting to yellow lets them cool off during extreme heat, while darker grays allow them

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