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Moral Maze

Cluster bombs and the ethics of warfare

Moral Maze

BBC

Society & Culture, Religion & Spirituality

4.4623 Ratings

🗓️ 13 July 2023

⏱️ 57 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

As NATO meets this week, the US is seeking to calm its critics over sending cluster bombs to Ukraine. Cluster munitions are banned by many countries – including the UK and most EU members. They are more indiscriminate and can leave unexploded bomblets scattered over a wide area, posing a lethal threat to civilians years after a conflict has ended. The US, which is not a signatory to the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions, argues that supplying these weapons is justified in the defence of Ukraine, that civilian areas would be avoided and that records would be kept to facilitate a clean-up operation after the war.

While some see this as a clear concession of the moral high ground, others disagree. As one US congressman put it, “the only way it erodes the moral high ground is if either you're an idiot, or you're rooting for Russia in this conflict."

What should be the ethical rules of conduct in warfare, when the goal of opposing armies is to perpetrate, and sometimes maximise, death and destruction? For some, the tragedy of war is the suspension of ethical norms. And yet, certain fundamental principles, such as proportionality of violence and discrimination between enemy combatants and non-combatants, have existed for centuries to prevent the ends being justified by any means necessary in battle. But what if the enemy has no regard for these rules? How should they be interpreted outside a philosophy seminar and in the chaos of war? While the character of war is changing, the fundamental moral issues have not. When, in warfare, is it acceptable to violate ethical principles in the hope of achieving a greater good?

Producer: Dan Tierney.

Transcript

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0:00.0

BBC Sounds, Music, Radio, podcasts.

0:04.9

Good evening. All weapons are nasty, being lethal is the point after all, but some are much nastier than others.

0:12.1

Cluster bombs that America is now going to supply to Ukraine are more indiscriminately deadly than most.

0:18.0

They spread sometimes hundreds of bomblets over a wide area, threatening

0:22.8

civilians often long after the conflict is over. There's been talk at this week's meeting of NATO

0:28.3

countries, many of whom, including the UK, have banned cluster bombs, that the West is abdicating

0:34.1

the moral high ground. But Russia has already been using them, and as one US congressman

0:39.8

put it, the only way it erodes the moral high ground is if you're an idiot or you're rooting

0:44.6

for Russia. Man has tried to frame rules for war since ancient Babylon, seeking to set a limit on

0:50.9

violence and damage to protect civilians and prisoners. But war is life and death,

0:56.4

even national existence, and as more often than not prove beyond any kind of ethical regulation.

1:02.7

When the ends are survival, all means can seem justified. There are obvious principles that

1:08.7

should be applied about proportionality and not targeting non-combatants.

1:13.6

But in the real world, the war in Ukraine, for example, against a cruel invader who doesn't abide by rules, when is it right to break them to win?

1:23.0

That's our moral maze tonight.

1:24.5

The panel, Anne McElvoy, executive editor at Politico, the news and opinion site.

1:29.6

Mona Siddiqui, professor of Islamic and interreligious studies at Edinburgh University,

1:34.0

Sonia Soda, author and chief leader-writer at The Observer,

1:38.0

and the Anglican priest and opinionator, Giles Fraser.

1:42.0

Mona, would you deny the Ukrainians, the cluster bombs they say they need?

1:47.4

Yes, I think there is nothing as unholy as war.

1:51.1

All war does is leave behind death and destruction.

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