Welcome back to the podcast, bribe, swindle, or steel.

I'm Alexander Ragi.

Today I'm speaking with Professor John Langdale.

John teaches in the Department of Security Studies and Criminology at Macquarie University in Sydney.

He focuses on the linkages between globalization and economics in the Asia-Pacific region,

and for our purposes, the international crime that originates there.

Thank you for joining me, John.

Thank you.

You have described a Chinese model of transnational crime that, your word, piggybacks on the expansion globally of Chinese firms.

Can you talk about that about?

As everyone knows, China is expanding rapidly, globally in terms of GDP and its multinational companies

are expanding globally.

What has happened is that the Chinese criminal gangs have, in a sense, followed, in some respects, led this global expansion.

From our perspective in Australia, we're particularly interested in how this affects the Asia-Pacific region.

But of course course the Chinese criminal

gangs are active in Europe, in North America, in Africa, and the rest of Asia.

But there's a fairly complex set of arrangements, but to simplify it, I focus very much

on southern China, particularly the Guangdong area, Fugian, surrounding Hong Kong,

Macau. So essentially, a lot of the Chinese transnational crime comes out of that region.

Historically, that's been the region of the international region in China. We have had waves of Chinese immigrants

that have gone right around the world historically, and the Chinese criminal gangs,

in a sense, are following those that path trodden by the immigrants. That's very helpful for

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