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The Documentary Podcast

China's Population 'Rhinoceros'

The Documentary Podcast

BBC

Documentary, Society & Culture

4.32.7K Ratings

🗓️ 7 February 2026

⏱️ 27 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

China's population has shrunk, year on year, for four years in a row, pushing a country with a long history of official worry about overpopulation to contemplate a sharp decline in births. BBC China's Yan Chen reflects on the reasons behind the drop and what it will mean for the country and a generation of children growing up now.

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In the Indian state of Maharashtra, tigers are thriving. It's a win for conservationists, but locals living near tiger reserves are concerned about the threat to life. Bhagyashri Raut, who reports for BBC Marathi, explains how a group of mothers have taken matters into their own hands to protect children on their way to school.

This episode of The Documentary comes to you from The Fifth Floor, the show at the heart of global storytelling, with BBC journalists from all around the world.

Presented by Faranak Amidi.

Produced by Laura Thomas, Caroline Ferguson and Hannah Dean.

(Photo: Faranak Amidi. Credit: Tricia Yourkevich.)

Transcript

Click on a timestamp to play from that location

0:00.0

BBC Sounds, Music, Radio, podcasts.

0:06.0

Welcome to the documentary from the BBC World Service.

0:13.8

You're listening The Fifth Floor.

0:18.1

The Fifth Floor, you know you're listening.

0:20.0

The Fifth Floor, Farnak, Amid, Isobat. The fifth floor is You're listening. We're with us.

0:23.2

This is the fifth floor,

0:24.7

Farnak Amidi, Sobath.

0:28.5

This is the fifth floor at the heart of global storytelling

0:31.2

with BBC journalists

0:32.9

from all around the world.

0:34.9

I'm your host, Faranak Amidi. In the early 80s, China became the first country in the world to reach the population milestone

0:49.3

of one billion. Demographers expected it to rise even higher and reach 1.5 billion by 2030.

0:57.0

But in fact, China's population has now been declining for four years in a row, having peaked lower than expected at 1.4 billion.

1:07.0

To explore the reasons for the drop and how it might affect Chinese society in the years to come, BBC China journalist Yan Chin joins me from Hong Kong.

1:16.3

Yan, welcome to the fifth floor.

1:18.2

Yes, very happy to be here.

1:19.4

For a number of years, China has been witnessing South Korea and Japan deal with their own population decline.

1:27.2

So this news, how has it been received in China?

1:31.7

I think it took us by surprise in a lot of ways.

1:35.1

The population has been declining for fourth years.

1:37.3

But just a few weeks earlier, the Chinese government has released the data for last year, 2025.

1:46.5

And it turned out the news is that the total fertility rate has dropped under one,

...

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