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In Our Time

Chemical Elements

In Our Time

BBC

History

4.69.2K Ratings

🗓️ 25 May 2000

⏱️ 28 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the chemical elements. The aim and challenge in chemistry, according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, is the understanding of the complex materials which constitute everything in existence since the Big Bang, when the whole universe emerged out of the two elements of hydrogen and helium. For Aristotle there were four elements: Earth, Air, Fire and Water. Now there are one hundred and eight, sixteen of which are produced artificially, and none of which figure in Aristotle's original four. But they are all still elements - defined as substances which cannot be broken down, the building blocks of all life.Today we have the key to understanding these elements, the Periodic Table, which is a pattern embedded in nature and was miraculously discovered in a dream. With Paul Strathern, former lecturer in philosophy and science, Kingston University and author of Mendeleyev's Dream: The Quest for the Elements; Dr Mary Archer, Visiting Professor of Chemistry at Imperial College, London; John Murrell, Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, University of Sussex.

Transcript

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0:00.0

Thanks for downloading the Inartime podcast. For more details about Inartime and for our terms of use

0:05.4

Please go to bbc.co.uk forward slash radio 4. I hope you enjoy the program

0:11.7

Hello, Aristotel thought there were four elements earth air fire and water. He was wrong

0:16.5

There are 110 so far 16 in which you produced artificially and none of which figure in Aristotle's original four

0:22.8

But they're all still elements defined as substances which cannot be broken down the building blocks of all life

0:29.2

Today we have the key to the understanding of these elements the periodic table of the elements

0:33.8

Which is a pattern embedded in nature and was as it were miraculously discovered in a dream

0:39.1

With me to discuss chemistry's continuing mission to understand the behavior and relationship of these

0:44.3

Irreducible substances. He's Dr. Mary Archer visiting professor of chemistry at Imperial College London

0:49.4

John Marl and Maritus professor of chemistry at Sussex University and Paul Strathon author of Mendeleev's dream

0:55.7

The quest for the element Paul Strathon why did Aristotle choose earth air fire and water and why did you think that these were these four elements?

1:05.4

He arrived at this well

1:07.3

He wasn't the first person to think of these four as a combination

1:10.4

It was impedacles who did that he took this the idea on from

1:16.2

Impedacles who had the four the notion of the four

1:19.4

At one stage a very lovely poetic image he describes

1:23.9

How a stone falls into a pool. He thought that the four elements the

1:29.8

heaviest ones at the bottom earth then you had water then you had air and then you had fire and he describes

1:37.4

His evidence as being when a stone drops into a pool it drops to the bottom of the water and

1:43.1

The bubbles adhering to it and then drawn towards their own element and they go up through the water towards the air

1:51.4

Um also when you light a fire the fire always goes upwards

1:57.5

This was his idea the four elements had their four places and

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