Can the world rely on its undersea cable network?
The Inquiry
BBC
4.6 • 1.7K Ratings
🗓️ 5 March 2025
⏱️ 24 minutes
🧾️ Download transcript
Summary
Undersea cables form the backbone of global communication, with over 95% of global internet traffic relying on hundreds of fibre-optic cables criss-crossing the globe. But recent incidents such as disruption to cables in the Baltic Sea have highlighted concerns over their security and raised the possibility of ‘grey zone warfare’.
We examine who owns and runs this vast global network, what happens when things go wrong, and what the future holds for underseas cables. Are they powerful enough to sustain future communications, and what role could quantum technology play in their future?
To discuss all this are Lane Burdette, research analyst, TeleGeography, Jovan Kurbali, director of the Diplo Foundation and head of Geneva Internet Platform, Erin L Murphy, senior Fellow, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington DC and Kristine Berzina, managing director at the German Marshall Fund, Washington DC.
Presenter: Gary O'Donoghue Producer: Dan Hardoon and Vicky Carter Researcher: Katie Morgan Production co-ordinator: Liam Morrey Technical producer: James Bradshaw Editor: Tara McDermott (Photo: Employees of Orange Marine work on the installation of the very high speed submarine cable SEA-ME-WE 5, linking Singapore to France, 1 March, 2016. Credit: Boris Horvat/AFP)
Transcript
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| 0:37.8 | Welcome to The Inquiry with me, Gary O'Donohue, one question, four expert witnesses and an answer. |
| 0:46.4 | Beneath the oceans lies a vast network of undersea cables that keeps our entire world connected. |
| 0:53.9 | These fragile strands of fibre optic technology |
| 0:57.0 | carry over 95% of global internet traffic, linking economies, governments and billions of people. |
| 1:04.9 | Despite their critical importance, these cables remain largely unprotected, vulnerable to accidental damage, geopolitical tensions, |
| 1:14.0 | and, as recent events suggest, deliberate sabotage. |
| 1:18.5 | NATO boosts its military presence in the Baltic Sea as Russia is suspected of sabotaging an underwater cable. |
| 1:25.8 | Investigations are underway to determine the cause of damage to two... |
| 1:30.0 | In the past year, suspected attacks on cables in the Baltic by China and Russia have raised |
| 1:35.7 | urgent security questions. Were these merely accidents, or do they signal a new era in so-called |
| 1:42.9 | grey zone warfare? |
| 1:45.0 | Deliberate attacks aside, the cables can also be fragile. |
| 1:49.0 | Hundreds of breaks occur every year. |
| 1:52.0 | Private companies and governments are scrambling to find new ways of protecting this vital infrastructure, |
| 1:59.0 | while Silicon Valley and the new demands of AI mean |
... |
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