Boy gets New Skin, The York Gospels, Stephen Hawking's Thesis
BBC Inside Science
BBC
4.6 • 1.3K Ratings
🗓️ 9 November 2017
⏱️ 33 minutes
🧾️ Download transcript
Summary
Researchers in Italy and Germany have saved the life of a boy with a life threatening genetic skin disease, using a combination of stem cell and gene therapy. 7 year old Hassan had lost 60% of his protective epidermis because of the condition, junctional epidermolysis bullosa. The severe blistering and consequent bacterial infections put his life in imminent danger. In a final attempt to save him, the scientists took a small area of unblistered epidermis from his body, separated the constituent skin cells and then engineered them with a normal version of the gene that was malfunctioning in Hassan's body. Sheets of healthy epidermis of an area of about one square metre were then grown in culture, and then grafted onto 80% of his body. Hassan is now living a normal life, back at school, playing football. Lead researcher Michele de Luca describes the remarkable recovery and Fiona Watt, director of the Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine at Kings College London, explains how the procedure worked.
Scientists at the University of York are investigating medieval livestock farming through the study of the 1,000 year old York Gospels manuscript: not by reading it but by extracting proteins and DNA from its animal skin parchment pages.
Inside Science listener and Middle Eastern archaeologist Melissa Sharp takes the programme to task for suggesting that anyone can now use publically available sonar and satellite data to search for shipwrecks and other archaeological sites. It opens up the world's ancient and not so ancient heritage to looters, she says.
Since the University of Cambridge made Stephen Hawkings 1966 PhD thesis free to view and download last month, more than a million people have at least looked at it. Adam Rutherford talks to cosmologist Andrew Pontzen, biologist Matthew Cobb and neuroscientist Sophie Scott about the record-breaking thesis and asks whose first research project they'd like to download.
Producer: Andrew Luck-Baker
Transcript
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| 0:00.0 | Hello you this is the podcast of Inside Science from BBC Radio 4 first broadcast on the 9th of November |
| 0:05.9 | 2017 I'm Adam Rutherford science and history are cozy bedfellows this week and today we're deep in the past in reverse chronological |
| 0:14.4 | order the pillaging of Middle Eastern archaeological sites science is all about |
| 0:18.8 | open data but sometimes being too open means that criminals can get involved. |
| 0:24.4 | We've got new DNA and protein techniques to scrutinise the thousand-year-old York Gospels written |
| 0:29.4 | on calfskin parchment. |
| 0:31.7 | And we're having a flick through the 1966 PhD thesis of a 24 year old Stephen Hawking, |
| 0:37.5 | released a couple of weeks ago and so popular that it broke the internet. |
| 0:41.2 | It's pretty tough going, isn't it? I mean it's actually really a |
| 0:44.3 | beautiful document I thought because in places it's like it just kind of breaks down. |
| 0:48.8 | There's no more type anymore and it's just page after page of handwritten equations. |
| 0:55.0 | That's coming up later but first stem cell therapies are finally maturing. |
| 1:00.0 | These cells that we all carry are immature which means that they have the potential to turn into a range of different cells in our bodies. |
| 1:07.0 | That's called differentiation. |
| 1:09.0 | That ability means that their potential use as a therapy has always been on the cards. |
| 1:14.7 | When a disease is a result of cells dying in the brain or the heart, for example, then stem cells |
| 1:19.5 | could be deployed to grow into the missing tissue. This field hit a new high this week with an |
| 1:25.2 | Italian and German team using stem cells to grow back huge amounts of skin in a |
| 1:30.5 | patient with a disease called Junctional epidermalysis bellosa. |
| 1:34.4 | It's caused by a defective gene and it means that the patient's outer skin layer, the |
| 1:38.8 | epidermis, constantly blisters, it falls away from the body and is prone to infection. |
| 1:44.3 | The patient himself, a seven-year-old Syrian boy called Hassan, was treated with his own genetically |
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