Body scan reveals HIV's hideouts
Unexpected Elements
BBC
4.4 • 568 Ratings
🗓️ 11 June 2022
⏱️ 61 minutes
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Summary
Researchers have developed a medical imaging technique which reveals where in the body HIV lies hidden, even when people have their infection well controlled by antiviral drugs. The team at the University of California, San Francisco hope this will lead to better treatments and even cures for HIV. As Timothy Henrich told us, they are also going to use the technique to investigate the notion that Long Covid is caused by the coronavirus persisting deep in the body's tissues.
Also in the programme, Roland Pease reports from the vast particle accelerator in Switzerland where the famous Higgs particle was discovered ten years ago. The scientists there are preparing to begin experiments with an upgraded Large Hadron Collider to learn more about the particle and the fundamental nature of the Universe.
Roland also talks to Frank Close, physicist and author of 'Elusive' - a new biography of Peter Higgs, a scientist as elusive as the particle named after him.
Finally an international team of archaeologists have revised the ancient history of the chicken, with a new programme of radiocarbon dating and analysis of buried bird bones. Humanity's relationship with the bird began much more recently than some researchers have suggested. Naomi Sykes of Exeter University and Greger Larson of Oxford University tell Roland when, where and how the domestication began and how the birds spread from Southeast Asia to the rest of the world.
And, Humans can walk for miles, solve problems and form complex relationships on the energy provided by three meals a day. That's a lot of output for a fairly modest input. Listener Charlotte from the UK wants to know: how are we so efficient? And how does human efficiency compare to that of machines?
CrowdScience presenter Marnie Chesterton pits her energetic wits against everything from cars to wheelchairs to find out how she shapes up. Cars can travel many hundreds of kilometres a day if you give them a couple of tanks of fuel. But the only fuel Marnie needs to walk to work is a cup of coffee. She gets experts to help her work out who does the most efficient job.
Marnie also explores whether humans are born equal when it comes to fuel efficiency. Does the energy from one banana get converted into the same amount of movement from person to person? And how does she compare to an Olympic athlete? Marnie gets put through her paces to find out how efficient she really is.
Image: VRCPET body scan reveals HIV's hideouts Credit: Timothy Henrich / University of California, San Francisco
Transcript
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| 0:00.0 | In 2019, we began investigating the disappearance of Dr. Ruzha Ignatva. |
| 0:08.0 | I believe we are a very special network. |
| 0:10.0 | A scammer who stole billions from investors around the world. |
| 0:15.0 | She's on the FBI's 10 Most Wanted list. |
| 0:18.0 | And now, we have some unmissable updates. She has money and when you have |
| 0:23.0 | money you have power. Join me, Jamie Bartlett, as the hunt for the missing crypto queen continues. |
| 0:29.5 | Listen first on BBC Sounds. Thank you for downloading the Science Hour from the BBC World |
| 0:34.7 | Service with me, Roland Pease. And the question for crowd science, |
| 0:38.8 | later in the podcast, is how efficient are human bodies? And it's looking good. |
| 0:44.9 | Humans are remarkably efficient. We walk on two very straight legs. And so because of that, |
| 0:51.7 | and because our legs are pretty long for our body size, we spend about |
| 0:55.0 | 25 to 30% less energy to walk a kilometer than, say, another ape. |
| 1:00.5 | But how do we compare with streamlined machines? You can hear that in half an hour. |
| 1:06.7 | Before that, it's science and action where this week we're getting high on Higgs's. |
| 1:11.0 | The subatomic particle proved to exist a decade back, and which they're about to study in even more detail at the LHC Atomsmasher near Geneva. |
| 1:20.6 | And you've about 20 minutes to work out what connects the Higgs to a new study showing how highly are relatively recent ancestors venerated |
| 1:30.5 | chickens. In many cultures around the world, there is an equation between geographical distance |
| 1:37.4 | and supernatural distance. So if something has come from far, far away, it's often associated |
| 1:43.2 | with gods and ancestors. And that's what we |
| 1:45.4 | think is happening with the chickens when they first arrive into new areas. Many times over the past |
| 1:50.8 | two years, we've wondered on the programme which tissues get infected by SARS-CoV-2, besides the airways |
| 1:57.9 | and lungs, of course, and particularly whether the virus can lurk in some parts long after the initial infection. |
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