Hi, this is Tom, and in this episode I'm going to be going to be going through

birth injuries, and you can find notes at zero tofinals.com slash birth injuries and in the

zero to finals pediatrics book, and you can find flashcards and questions at members.0 tofinals.com. So let's jump straight in.

Let's start by talking about caput succidanium. Caput succidanium involves edema or fluid in the

subcutaneous tissue on the scalp.

Caput is caused by pressure to a specific area of the scalp during a traumatic,

prolonged or instrumental delivery.

The swelling is soft and diffuse and it may cross the suture lines of the skull. It may cause mild discoloration of the skin.

Kappa does not require any treatment and it usually resolves within a few days.

Next let's talk about kephalo hematomas. A kephalo hematoma is also described as a subperiostial hematoma.

It involves blood collecting between the skull and the periosteum, which is a layer of dense

connective tissue that lines the bone.

It's caused by blood vessel damage during a traumatic, prolonged or

instrumental delivery. The lump created by a Cephalo haematoma does not cross the suture

lines of the skull. This feature helps you distinguish it from caput succidanium, which can cross the

suture lines. Additionally, the blood can cause discoloration of the skin in the affected area.

Cephalohemotomas generally resolve without treatment within a few months. There is a risk of anemia and

jaundice. Jaundice occurs as the blood within the hematoma breaks down, releasing bilirubin. The newborn

should be monitored for signs of anemia and jaundice and for resolution of the hematoma.

Next let's talk about facial paralysis. Delivery can cause damage to the facial nerve, which is

cranial nerve 7. Injury due to compression by forceps or on the mother's pelvis can result in unilateral

facial weakness. Function normally returns spontaneously within a few months. Specialist input

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