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MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

Biosignaling

MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

MedSchoolCoach

Science

4.6612 Ratings

🗓️ 19 June 2025

⏱️ 26 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

In this episode, we focus on biosignaling and cover how cells communicate through systems like voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels, using real-world examples such as neuronal signaling and muscle contraction.

We also break down the role of enzyme-linked receptors, specifically receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and explore how these pathways are involved in cell growth and cancer. Additionally, we take a detailed look at G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their role in activating secondary messenger systems like cyclic AMP (cAMP).

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Jump into the conversation:

(00:00) Intro

(00:32) Overview of Biosignaling

(01:05) Introduction to Biosignaling and its Importance

(01:49) Stimulus-Response Concept: Fight or flight, glucose homeostasis, transcription regulation

(02:34) Voltage-Gated Ion Channels: Activated by changes in membrane potential

(03:29) Action Potential: Sodium channels and signal propagation

(05:01) Ligand-Gated Ion Channels: Role in neuron-to-neuron signaling

(06:01) Muscle Contraction: Acetylcholine's role in skeletal muscle contraction

(07:29) Misconception on Calcium: Sodium initiates muscle cell depolarization, not calcium

(08:33) Enzyme-Linked Receptors: Focus on receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)

(09:39) RTKs and Cancer: How RTK signaling pathways are linked to cancer

(12:00) G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR): Structure and function of GPCRs

(14:43) Adenylate Cyclase and cAMP: Role of GTP in activating adenylate cyclase and producing cAMP

(18:10) Quiz Question 1: Ion specificity in potassium channels

(22:54) Quiz Question 2: Hypertension treatment and G-protein pathways

(25:00) Biosignaling as the foundation for cellular responses

 

Transcript

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0:00.0

Welcome to MCAT Basics, your ultimate guide to the essential topics you need to master for the MCAT,

0:07.0

brought to you by the physicians at Med School Coach.

0:10.0

Every week, Sam Smith breaks down high-yield MCAT topics, ensuring you're primed for success on test day.

0:16.0

Join Sam as we explore the most crucial subjects outlined by the AAMC, pulled from official

0:21.7

practice materials and third-party resources. Get ready to elevate your MCAT game with topics

0:26.8

tailored to maximize your score potential. Today's guest host is Alex Starks. So today's episode,

0:33.6

we're going to be reviewing a really important topic, that being biosignaling.

0:57.3

So we'll be discussing biosignantly conceptually. Then we'll move on to the mechanisms that are important for the MCAT to know. And then we'll wrap up with a little quiz about what we talked about. We won't be talking about all of the different types of biosignals that exist because, one, science hasn't discovered them all. That's a good reason. and then two, most of this you'll learn, like the nitty-gritty-gritty that you'll learn in medical school.

0:58.8

If you're familiar with the AAMC content outline,

1:02.0

most of this information is covered under 3A,

1:04.5

which, quote,

1:05.7

focuses on the structure and functions of the nervous and endocrine systems

1:08.9

and the ways the systems work together to coordinate the responses of other body systems to both external and internal

1:14.2

stimuli."

1:15.2

So that's a lot.

1:16.2

Now something that's really important to know is that the MCAT really rewards students

1:20.7

that understand the idea of there's a stimulus, some internal processing has to occur,

1:27.1

and then there's some sort of response.

1:28.8

So this not only means things like the classic fight-or-flight example of you see a bear,

1:33.4

and then the sympathetic nervous response allows you to think quickly and run faster

1:37.1

after it reroutes the blood supply to your brain and your muscles.

1:40.7

So it's not just that.

...

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