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This is Scientific Americans' 60 Second Science.

I'm Jason Goldman.

Deep in the inky depths of what's called the ocean's mesopalagic zone, more than 500 meters beneath the surface, the main source of light is not the sun, even during the day.

Most of the light comes instead from bioluminescent organisms,

creatures that produce their own light. It's in these dark depths that southern elephant

seals love to feast on squids and fish. So initially we wanted to know how

elephant seals find their prey in the dark. Pauline Goulet from the University of St. Andrew's

Sea Mammal Research Unit. Thanks to data logging technology, researchers have a fairly good handle

on how far elephant seals travel to feed and how long and how deep they dive. But nobody really

knew how they find their prey in the darkness.

Do they track the lights, or is something else going on?

So we built a sensor that could pick up flashes produced by animals that were being hunted

by the elephants, because we thought that elephant seals might be looking for that light

to catch a snack.

But it turned out that the fish actually used their bioluminescence to disorient seals

after the seals began their attack.

The thing is, it seemed that the flashing prey were harder to catch than the non-flashing prey,

...