This is CBSI in the world. I'm John Batch with John McDermott of the Economist magazine

who ventured into the Great Lakes region of the Democratic Republic of Congo that borders

in on Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi. This is an area that we first came across in the genocide

of the late 20th century in Rwanda, but the region remains as confused and violent and

out of reach of order as possible. There is even a UN operation operating at some point

in this Great Lakes region, but we need now to ask questions. John is very forgiving

of me because I take my notes and I get confused about sponsors. The gang is called M23,

it's revived. And John, the puzzle here is, does it have state sponsorship in some fashion?

Or a duo? Do these gang seek state sponsorship in what state?

Yes, so we talked about ADF, the chocolate smuggling, do you have this? And we talked about

Kadeko, who are the local groups allegedly committing genocide. Now let's talk about

M23. M23 is slightly different from the other 119 groups. It has a clear state sponsor

according to the United Nations. That state sponsor is Rwanda. Rwanda is a relatively small

country compared with DRC, but it has long meddled in its giant neighbor. And that is

partly because following the genocide in Rwanda in 1994, many of the perpetrators fled

to the larger country and the government in Rwanda out in secure without having to, without

dealing with what it considered to be an existential threat. But it's also like for the militia

groups, a source of illicit economic activity for Rwanda. Anyway, M23 was active quite the

year. In 2012 and 2013, it took the main time called Goma back then, but has been dormant

for almost a decade. Now in November, it re-emerged since then, has killed dozens of civilians

that have taken a few times and has been rumours of it, even going so far as to recapture

Goma. Unlike the other armed groups, there looks much more like a conventional armed. It

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