Basic Genetics (2nd edition)

The Zero to Finals Medical Revision Podcast

Thomas Watchman

Life Sciences, Education, Medical Finals, Medicine, Surgery, Health & Fitness, Paediatrics, Medical Student, Medical Education, Medical Exams, Medical School, Medical Revision, Science, Learn Medicine, Finals Revision, Obstetrics And Gynaecology

4.8 • 678 Ratings

🗓️ 1 December 2025

⏱️ 8 minutes

🔗️ Recording | iTunes | RSS

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Summary

This episode covers the basics of genetics. Written notes can be found at https://zerotofinals.com/paediatrics/genetics/basics/ Questions can be found at https://members.zerotofinals.com/ Books can be found at https://zerotofinals.com/books/ The audio in the episode was expertly edited by Harry Watchman.

Transcript

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0:00.0	Hi, this is Tom, and in this episode I'm going to be going through basic genetics.
0:09.1	And you can find notes at 0.0.0.5.com and in the 0.2 finals pediatrics book.
0:15.6	And you can find flashcards and questions at members.0.0.0.com. So let's jump straight in.
0:23.4	The genetic code for the entire body is contained within every cell nucleus. This genetic code
0:30.7	is written on a long string of nucleotides on a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
0:40.4	Each gene is the result of a section of DNA that contains the instructions for creating
0:47.9	specific proteins. These proteins determine how the body functions.
0:54.1	Each DNA molecule, which contains the codes for hundreds to thousands of genes, is twisted into a structure called a chromosome.
1:05.0	Chromosomes come in pairs.
1:08.0	Therefore, each human has two copies of each gene, one on each chromosome in a pair,
1:15.6	except for the sex chromosomes. We have 23 chromosome pairs for a total of 46 chromosomes.
1:25.2	One of the pairs of chromosomes is the sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are the
1:32.3	X and the Y chromosomes. Males have an X and a Y chromosome and females have two X chromosomes.
1:42.3	The other 44 non-sex chromosomes are called the autosomes.
1:51.2	Alleles refer to different versions of the same gene.
1:56.2	For example, the ABO blood group gene has alleles that code for type A, type B, or type O blood.
2:07.9	Therefore, there's one gene that codes for the blood group, and there's different versions of that
2:14.2	gene called alleles which determine whether the person has type A, type B,
2:19.5	or type O blood. Genotype refers to the version of the genes that we have. For example,
2:27.5	having the allele that codes for type A blood. Phenotype refers to the physical expression of the genes that we have.
2:37.9	For example, actually having type A blood.
2:41.7	Let's talk about inheritance.
	...

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