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In Our Time

Astronomy and Empire

In Our Time

BBC

History

4.69.9K Ratings

🗓️ 4 May 2006

⏱️ 43 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the relationship between astronomy and the British Empire. The 18th century explorer and astronomer James Cook wrote: 'Ambition leads me not only farther than any other man has been before me, but as far as I think it possible for man to go'. Cook's ambition took him to the far reaches of the Pacific and led to astronomical observations which measured the distance of Venus to the Sun with unprecedented accuracy. Cook's ambition was not just personal and astronomical. It represented the colonial ambition of the British Empire which was linked inextricably with science and trade. The discoveries about the Transit of Venus, made on Cook's voyage to Tahiti, marked the beginning of a period of expansion by the British which relied on maritime navigation based on astronomical knowledge. With Simon Schaffer, Professor in History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge; Kristen Lippincott, former Director of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich; Allan Chapman, Historian of Science at the History Faculty at Oxford University.

Transcript

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0:00.0

Just before this BBC podcast gets underway, here's something you may not know.

0:04.7

My name's Linda Davies and I Commission Podcasts for BBC Sounds.

0:08.5

As you'd expect, at the BBC we make podcasts of the very highest quality featuring the most knowledgeable experts and genuinely engaging voices.

0:18.0

What you may not know is that the BBC makes podcasts about all kinds of things like pop stars,

0:24.6

poltergeist, cricket, and conspiracy theories and that's just a few examples.

0:29.7

If you'd like to discover something a little bit unexpected, find your next podcast over at BBC Sounds.

0:36.0

Thanks for downloading the In Our Time Podcast.

0:39.0

For more details about In Our Time and for our terms of use, please go to BBC.co. UK forward slash radio for. I hope you enjoy

0:46.5

the program. Hello the 18th century explorer and astronomer James Cook wrote,

0:52.6

Ambition leads me not only farther than any other man has been before me,

0:56.7

but as far I think as it is possible for man to go.

0:59.8

End quote.

1:00.8

Cook's ambition took him to the far reaches of the Pacific led to astronomical

1:04.9

astronomical observations which measured the distance of Venus to the Sun with

1:09.6

unprecedented accuracy. Cook's ambition wasn't just personal and astronomical, it represented

1:14.9

the ambitions of the British Empire which were linked inextricably with science and trade.

1:19.8

The great transit of Venus measurement on Cook's Voicza Tahiti marked the beginning of a period of expansion by the British

1:25.5

which relied on maritime navigation based on astronomical knowledge.

1:29.7

How had ancient trade routes set a precedent for colonial expansion?

1:33.4

What was the link between astronomy and surveying?

1:35.9

What tools did the 18th and 19th century astronomers have at their disposal?

1:39.6

And how did the British use signs to justify imperial ambitions.

...

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