Appendicitis
EM Clerkship
Zack Olson, MD ; Mike Estephan, MD ; Maddie Watts, MD
4.9 • 816 Ratings
🗓️ 22 October 2017
⏱️ 10 minutes
🧾️ Download transcript
Summary
Patients rarely have the “classic” presentation of appendicitis. Frequently it is misdiagnosed as GASTROENTERITIS!!!
Three Stages of Appendicitis
* Stage 1: ~12 hours of “gastroenteritis” like symptoms* Stage 2: Direct somatic irritation* This is when pain over McBurney’s develops!* Stage 3: Perforation* Patient is now sick and septic
Approach to Appendicitis
* Step 1: Consider getting labs* Always remember “The white blood cell count is the last refuge of the intellectually destitute”* The WBC count has both low sensitivity and low specificity for acute appendicitis* Step 2: Get a detailed history* When did the pain start? * How many HOURS into their syndrome are they (remember stages of appendicitis)* Is the pain migrating?* Objective fever?* Did the pain start before the vomiting started?* Does the patient have decreased appetite?* Step 3: Perform a physical exam* Pain over McBurney’s point* Right lower quadrant* 1/3 the distance from the ASIS to the umbilicus* Peritoneal signs (Rigidity, Rebound, Guarding)* Psoas sign* Lie patient on left side with legs extended* Extend their hip behind them* Pain = Suspected retroperitoneal inflammation* Obturator sign* Have patient lie on back with hip/knee flexed at 90 degrees* Internally rotate hip (move ankle away from body)* Pain = Suspected obturator internus inflammation* Step 4: Imaging* Most adults* CT scan +/- IV contrast* Pregnant women* MRI abdomen* Pediatric patients* RLQ ultrasound* Step 5: Disposition* Perform a repeat abdominal exam* Even if CT is negative, consider followup in ED in 12-24 hours
Additional Reading
* McBurney’s Point (Wikipedia)* Psoas Sign (Wikipedia)* Obturator Sign (Wikipedia)
Transcript
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| 0:00.0 | Hello, med students. My name is Zach Olson and thank you for downloading this week's episode of the EM |
| 0:07.4 | Clerkship Podcast. Big, big topic this week. You think you know about appendicitis. But here's what |
| 0:16.6 | you need to understand. To be successful on your clerkship, it's not just about the test questions. |
| 0:22.9 | You need to understand how your attendings think because you want them to think that you're |
| 0:28.0 | smart and you're on the same page with them. And in all of medicine in real life, the truth is, |
| 0:33.1 | attendings are super scared of appendicitis. |
| 0:43.3 | Appendicitis is one of the single biggest malpractice cases brought against emergency physicians. |
| 0:44.4 | It's the most common cause of acute attraumatic abdominal pain in kids over a year old. |
| 0:49.1 | It's the most common non-obstentric surgical emergency and pregnancy. |
| 0:54.0 | It used, at least to represent 25% of all |
| 0:57.1 | acute abdominal pain in the emergency department. It's really common, really important, |
| 1:03.4 | and really hard to diagnose. Because in real life, appendicitis starts as about 12 hours of gastroenteritis. That's that generalized |
| 1:15.0 | visceral pain phase that you've learned about. These patients get triaged to you as a level |
| 1:20.1 | three gastroenteritis every time. But that's early appendicitis. Chief complaint vomiting. |
| 1:28.0 | Maybe some generalized nononspecific abdominal cramping, they'll say. |
| 1:33.5 | Nothing impressive, nothing that makes you think appendicitis, and it always just screams. |
| 1:39.2 | This is just gastroenteritis. |
| 1:42.7 | That's what early visceral appendicitis looks like. |
| 1:46.5 | This is why we don't ever officially diagnose gastroenteritis in the ED. |
| 1:51.5 | Then in phase two, patients get that somatic, direct irritation pain that you've learned about. |
| 1:56.9 | But here's the problem in real life. |
| 1:58.5 | The appendix only lays interagrade in that right |
... |
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