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EM Clerkship

Appendicitis

EM Clerkship

Zack Olson, MD ; Mike Estephan, MD ; Maddie Watts, MD

Health & Fitness, Science, Education, Medicine, Life Sciences

4.9816 Ratings

🗓️ 22 October 2017

⏱️ 10 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary


Patients rarely have the “classic” presentation of appendicitis. Frequently it is misdiagnosed as GASTROENTERITIS!!!



Three Stages of Appendicitis



* Stage 1: ~12 hours of “gastroenteritis” like symptoms* Stage 2: Direct somatic irritation* This is when pain over McBurney’s develops!* Stage 3: Perforation* Patient is now sick and septic



Approach to Appendicitis



* Step 1: Consider getting labs* Always remember “The white blood cell count is the last refuge of the intellectually destitute”* The WBC count has both low sensitivity and low specificity for acute appendicitis* Step 2: Get a detailed history* When did the pain start? * How many HOURS into their syndrome are they (remember stages of appendicitis)* Is the pain migrating?* Objective fever?* Did the pain start before the vomiting started?* Does the patient have decreased appetite?* Step 3: Perform a physical exam* Pain over McBurney’s point* Right lower quadrant* 1/3 the distance from the ASIS to the umbilicus* Peritoneal signs (Rigidity, Rebound, Guarding)* Psoas sign* Lie patient on left side with legs extended* Extend their hip behind them* Pain = Suspected retroperitoneal inflammation* Obturator sign* Have patient lie on back with hip/knee flexed at 90 degrees* Internally rotate hip (move ankle away from body)* Pain = Suspected obturator internus inflammation* Step 4: Imaging* Most adults* CT scan +/- IV contrast* Pregnant women* MRI abdomen* Pediatric patients* RLQ ultrasound* Step 5: Disposition* Perform a repeat abdominal exam* Even if CT is negative, consider followup in ED in 12-24 hours



Additional Reading



* McBurney’s Point (Wikipedia)* Psoas Sign (Wikipedia)* Obturator Sign (Wikipedia)

Transcript

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0:00.0

Hello, med students. My name is Zach Olson and thank you for downloading this week's episode of the EM

0:07.4

Clerkship Podcast. Big, big topic this week. You think you know about appendicitis. But here's what

0:16.6

you need to understand. To be successful on your clerkship, it's not just about the test questions.

0:22.9

You need to understand how your attendings think because you want them to think that you're

0:28.0

smart and you're on the same page with them. And in all of medicine in real life, the truth is,

0:33.1

attendings are super scared of appendicitis.

0:43.3

Appendicitis is one of the single biggest malpractice cases brought against emergency physicians.

0:44.4

It's the most common cause of acute attraumatic abdominal pain in kids over a year old.

0:49.1

It's the most common non-obstentric surgical emergency and pregnancy.

0:54.0

It used, at least to represent 25% of all

0:57.1

acute abdominal pain in the emergency department. It's really common, really important,

1:03.4

and really hard to diagnose. Because in real life, appendicitis starts as about 12 hours of gastroenteritis. That's that generalized

1:15.0

visceral pain phase that you've learned about. These patients get triaged to you as a level

1:20.1

three gastroenteritis every time. But that's early appendicitis. Chief complaint vomiting.

1:28.0

Maybe some generalized nononspecific abdominal cramping, they'll say.

1:33.5

Nothing impressive, nothing that makes you think appendicitis, and it always just screams.

1:39.2

This is just gastroenteritis.

1:42.7

That's what early visceral appendicitis looks like.

1:46.5

This is why we don't ever officially diagnose gastroenteritis in the ED.

1:51.5

Then in phase two, patients get that somatic, direct irritation pain that you've learned about.

1:56.9

But here's the problem in real life.

1:58.5

The appendix only lays interagrade in that right

...

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