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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second science. I'm Hopkin. Nature may be red in tooth and claw,

but one plucky caterpillar dresses in orange and black to avoid becoming somebody's lunch. What's really

surprising, though, is that this distinctive set of stripes can serve as both a warning, or as

camouflage, depending on how far away it is from the viewer.

Animals can deploy color as a defense mechanism in a couple of ways. Some shades and patterns

help potential prey blend into the background, whereas bold markings often serve as a signal

that an animal is unpalatable, for example, chalk full of toxins. So these two strategies

have often been considered in

isolation and often seen as mutually exclusive and alternative mechanisms. But under natural

conditions, you find this distinction is less clear cut. Jim Barnett of the University of Bristol,

who led the study to explore whether the same coloration might do double duty, allowing an animal

to be obvious under some

conditions, but unseen in others. They focus their attention on the caterpillars of Cinebar moths.

These larvae sport bright orange and black stripes. Their vivid appearance was believed to remind

the birds who may have eaten others of their kind that they are none too tasty,

thanks to their

diet of alkaloid-rich ragwort plants. The researchers snapped photos of the caterpillars in suburban

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