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This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Christopher in Taliatta.

The Dead Sea Scrolls are religious manuscripts. They were written from the third century BCE to the first century CE.

They were discovered in the 1940s and 50s, in caves along the shore of the Dead Sea.

And the parchments have been the topic of intense, religious, literary,

and historical debate. And they also continue to be the subject of scientific analysis,

including DNA. The idea was to try to match and also piece apart fragments based on their

genetic identity, namely based on the animals from which they were made.

Oded Rejavi is a molecular biologist at Tel Aviv University.

His team sequenced the DNA from bits of scroll dust.

Almost all these scrolls that we sampled were perhaps surprisingly found to be made out of sheep skin.

We found two that were made out of cowkin, and that's a big story.

Here, Rehavi's colleague Noam Mizrahi, from the University's Department of Biblical Studies, picked up the story.

The scrolls, he says, came from a place called Qumran, a three-days walk from the cultural center of Jerusalem.

Mizrahi explains that the people of Qumran were an extremist group,

with apocalyptic predictions who harshly criticized the views of others. Therefore, he says,

there's been long-standing debate about how much the scrolls unearthed from this sect in Qumran

represented just this faction's views or more general Jewish thought at the time.

...