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This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Christopher in Taliatta.

Abandoned pueblos are scattered throughout the southwestern U.S.,

and at many, archaeologists have uncovered a curious artifact, the skeletons of scarlet macaws.

The bird's bright red feathers are known to have been an important status symbol,

a signifier of prestige,

for people throughout the American tropics in the southwest, both in the ancient world and today.

But macaws are a tropical bird, whose range never extended north of today's U.S.-Mexical border.

So how did the Pueblo people obtain the birds?

To examine the bird's origin, scientists sequenced

mitochondrial DNA found within macabones from two sites in New Mexico, Chaco Canyon and the Mimbrase

region. Turns out nearly three quarters of the birds had identical mitochondrial genome sequences,

meaning the ancient birds came from the same maternal line. That suggests they were all the

products of a breeding operation, perhaps in modern-day northern Mexico, rather than a random

collection of wild-caught birds. If it was more random, you know, forgive the word,

plucking random macaws from the environment, then we would have expected to see, you know, a type of

diversity that you'd see in the wild.

Richard George, a Ph.D. candidate in anthropology at Penn State.

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