Before I get too deep onto some of the new topics, I want to cover my tracks a little bit on some

of the topics I already covered. One was Labelol. And I believe in the last lecture I was saying

that the beta blocker ratio to alpha blocker ratio in intravenous libeta-law is 7 to 1. So basically, intravenous labatalol is 7 to 1. So basically intravenous libadol pretty much is a beta

blocker with a little bit of alpha blocking activity. What I didn't point out of that time is that

oral labatalol is actually a bit of a different drug than intravenous libad-l. So oral labetol, the beta-blocker to

alpha-blocking ratio is 3 to 1. So oral labetol is really more of a combination drug with still a higher

degree of beta-blockade to alpha-blocking, but not nearly as much of a degree as intravenous labato

all that is 7 to 1 ratio. The other thing that I wanted to remember to mention is when I was talking

about the etiologies of very high blood pressures, I said one of the main ideologies, the number

one reason, is noncompliance with

blood pressure lowering medication. So we've all met the patient who has a superpower of making

cigarettes disappear but can't afford the $4 a month blood pressure lowering medication. That's generic.

And then I went into a whole bunch of other ideologies of very high blood pressures,

but one I forgot to mention, and I think is very important, particularly for people who take care

of people in hospital settings and intensive care units, and any hospital floor for that matter,

is hospital fluid overload. I atrogenic fluid overload. So I don't want to

blame just patients for high blood pressure. A lot of times it can be because we give too much IV fluid.

Leaders and liters of salty fluid will cause the systolic and diastolic pressure to go up, and the way

to treat that form of hypertension from fluid overload is fluid removal. Often treating volume

overload with other anti-hypertensives will yield very unsatisfying results. The last thing I want to cover my tracks a little bit on is this term

hypertensive urgency because I know it does drive some of you crazy.

So Hannibal Lecter would tell you if people make you sick,

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