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Hi, everyone. Welcome to the A6 and Z podcast. I'm Sonal and I'm here today with A6 and Z partner,

Frank Chen, and we are interviewing our newest professor in residence. This is actually the third

year, the first year we had Vijay Ponday, who's now the general partner on our bio fund,

and then we have Dan Boenay. And now we are so pleased to welcome Dr. Faye-Fei Lee, who is the director of the Stanford AI lab, the Stanford Toyota AI Center, and the Stanford Computer Vision Lab, which is pretty much the most important work happening. At least we think AI is the-hot center of both a lot of startup activity as well as academic research.

And Fei-Fei, why in the world has it gotten so hot again?

From my perspective, AI has always been hot.

AI is a discipline of about 60 years old.

In the past 60 years, I call that the InVitual AI time, where AI was developed in the laboratories and mostly in research centers.

We were laying down mathematical foundations of AI.

We were formulating the questions of AI. We were testing out the prototypes of AI. We were formulating the questions of AI and we were testing out the prototypes of AI algorithms. But now going forward, we're entering what I call the AI in vivo

time, which AI is entering real life. So why now, what's the triggering the switch between Invitro to In vivo? I think

several things are happening. First is that AI's techniques have come of age. But what's driving

that? There are two more very important factors.

One is the big data contribution to AI.

It's, you know, the information age, the Internet age has brought us big data and now even boosted by just trillions of sensors everywhere.

And the third factor that's contributing this is the hardware. by just trillions of sensors everywhere.

And the third factor that's contributing this is the hardware, the computing hardware, the advance of the CPUs, of the GPUs, and the computing clusters.

So the convergence of, I'd say, mathematical foundations and statistical machine learning tools,

...