This title, A Window Into the Brain, is it really a window into the brain?

And I will talk briefly about neuroimaging.

Where are we now?

What can we do with brain imaging?

And I will especially focus on three main areas that are the core of what is now called neuroscience

in terms of imaging, volumatic studies, diffusion

denser imaging, and fMRI, and mainly fMRI.

And I will start with a provocative paper, an interview of the Portuguese neuroscientists

that you all know, Antonio de Mazu, who wrote about how neuroscience could help us to understand

human nature. And he claimed that right now we can use neuroscience to understand everything,

human emotions, decision-making, process of conscience. And he said that this will

have a big impact in our lives and how we even use medication and can change human behavior.

And he claims that this change, this neurosciences, has a lot of disciplines, but is mainly focused on human

neuroimaging. And it was neural imaging that has opened a clear and different path to

neurosciences. It is true that neuroimaging has contributed enormously to our knowledge of the

brain in main areas that we use and especially connected with disease processes. We can now

diagnose diseases very early, even in pre-clinical stages. We can make a lot of very important

presurgical decisions and map the brain. We can monitor drug development and even understand

basic physiology in terms of how the brain works. But there's a big field of non-health related, especially fMRI studies, that attempt to

explain almost anything about the human behavior and culture through the brain. What about

neuroimaging? What is so interesting and so important about brain imaging that has completely changed and invaded our lives?

Aristotle thought that the brain served to cool the heat produced by the heart, which is striking.

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