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Hello and welcome to the intelligence from the economist.

In New York, I'm John Fastman.

And in London, I'm Jason Palmer.

Every weekday, we provide a fresh perspective on the events shaping your world.

Two years ago, Uzbekistan's government ended its monopoly on cotton production, in place for more than a century.

As production has gone private, workers' pay has soared, and forced labor, once nearly ubiquitous, is quickly disappearing.

And there's no doubting that tropical regions play host to a wider variety of species

than those at higher latitudes. But the idea that tropical creatures are more colorful remain

up for debate. Now an enormous study of birds strongly suggests it's true.

But first.

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