Starting at 35 cuts your runway to retirement in half compared to starting at 25. Does that make financial independence impossible? Not even close—and the real question isn't about your age, it's about the tax strategy you're using right now. Brad and Sean Mulaney tackle listener questions about tax basketing, asset location, and retirement account optimization. The conversation covers how to minimize tax drag in taxable accounts, recent changes to 529-to-Roth IRA transfers under the Secure Act 2.0, and practical strategies for late savers. Chapters Introduction and Overview [00:00:00] Question from Jay regarding tax strategies [00:00:53] Discussion on tax basketing [00:01:38] Query about 529 plans and Roth IRA conversions [00:10:59] Advice for someone starting at age 35 [00:17:42] Explaining capital gains and taxation [00:25:23] Options for late savers [00:30:27] Final thoughts and resources [00:51:12] Key Points Tax basketing involves strategically allocating asset types (Roth, traditional, taxable) to minimize tax liabilities [00:10:01] Secure Act 2.0 allows up to $35,000 from 529 plans to be transferred to a beneficiary's Roth IRA [00:11:21] Annual Roth conversions can minimize required minimum distributions (RMDs) and future tax burdens [00:36:46] Traditional retirement accounts present opportunities for tax optimization, not obstacles [00:10:04] Notable Quotes "Tax drag isn't really much of a thing at all." [00:03:07] "It literally takes $0 to start." [00:18:22] "This is an opportunity, not a problem." [00:10:04] "You do not need a backdoor Roth IRA." [00:24:11] "It's never too late to start on the path to FI." [00:22:41] Resources Fidelity's 529 Withdrawal Guide [00:13:03] Key Concepts Tax Drag - The impact of taxes on the growth of investments, particularly in taxable accounts [00:02:00] 529 Plans - Tax-advantaged savings plans designed to encourage saving for future education expenses [00:11:22] Roth IRA - A type of retirement account that allows for tax-free withdrawals in retirement [00:36:37] RMD - Required Minimum Distribution; the minimum amount one must withdraw from certain retirement accounts annually starting at a specific age [00:49:02] Pro-Rata Rule - A tax rule that affects Roth conversions from traditional IRAs based on the proportion of pre-tax and post-tax contributions [00:50:02] Action Steps Review your investment accounts to identify opportunities for tax basketing [00:10:01] Consider completing Roth conversions if you're in a low-tax bracket [00:36:46] ▶ Listen Next: Ep. 545 — Tax-Efficient Withdrawal Strategies for Early Retirement | Essential Listening