Most people think they understand Social Security—until they try to calculate their actual benefit. Mike Piper, founder of Open Social Security and author of Social Security Made Simple, breaks down exactly how retirement benefits work, from decoding your primary insurance amount to navigating spousal and survivor benefits. Brad and Mike tackle dozens of listener questions, clarifying when delaying payments makes sense, how the windfall elimination provision can cut benefits in half, and why the math matters more than your financial independence timeline. Key Topics Understanding Full Retirement Age & Primary Insurance Amount [00:02:00] Your full retirement age varies by birth year—67 for anyone born in 1960 or later. The primary insurance amount (PIA) is what you receive if you file exactly at this age. How Retirement Benefits Are Calculated [00:05:41] Benefits are based on your highest 35 years of earnings, adjusted for inflation. Only a small percentage of workers earn the maximum taxable amount for all 35 years, making it rare to receive the absolute maximum benefit. [00:10:10] Spousal Benefits Explained [00:16:30] A spouse can receive up to 50% of the higher earner's PIA if they haven't worked enough to qualify for their own benefit. Filing timing affects these amounts significantly. Survivor Benefits Overview [00:19:20] If the higher earner dies before filing, the survivor benefit is based on what they would have received at their age of death. This makes early filing decisions particularly consequential for couples. [00:45:00] Strategies for Filing [00:24:00] Delaying Social Security effectively means purchasing a pension for your future. [00:33:36] Longer life spans create greater financial risk, making delayed claiming more valuable for those who expect to live longer than average. [00:32:50] Windfall Elimination Provision [01:00:00] If you have a pension from employment not covered by Social Security, the windfall elimination provision can reduce your benefit by up to half of your monthly government pension. [01:00:48] Resources Open Social Security Calculator [01:03:03] Social Security Made Simple [01:02:42] SSA.tools [01:03:42] Action Items Calculate your primary insurance amount to understand your baseline benefit [00:39:00] Use the Open Social Security calculator to compare different filing scenarios [00:39:00] Assess spousal and survivor benefits based on your household's specific circumstances [00:24:00] ▶ Listen Next: Ep. 500 — Episode 500: Choose Financial Independence Today | Essential Listening