Hi there, it's Matt here and welcome back to this fourth and final episode in the series all about sleep, infants, children, and teens. And a big hello to my dear friend and guest who

re-joins me as the expert in this field, that's Dr Craig Canapari who is the director of the Pediatric

Sleep Center at Yale Medical School and so far we've spoken with Craig about

sleeping infants, sleeping children, and today we're going to speak about that most wonderful of all forms of hominid life, which is called the teenager and I think firstly quick definitions what do we term as

preteen and teen in terms of age ranges Craig?

The preteen definition is a little bit slippery.

I'd say it's usually 11 to 13 if you're going to be basing on chronologic age. But we know that a lot of children

nowadays may even start experiencing puberty like adenarchy, monarchy, etc. at age 10 or even a little bit earlier. So you're going to see some of the biological and hormonal changes even a little bit before that age range potentially.

Okay. And as with a little bit before that age range potentially.

Okay.

And as we're thinking about those two or just even grouped together as teens,

in the past we spoke about children and infants and particularly for children,

regularity and a particular time in bed and an opportunity to of sleep time, I was sleep window opportunity time is one of the best determinants of how

much sleep that they're going to get.

Now putting all societal forces aside for a second regarding teens and we'll get to those because they are non-trivial and rather nefarious,

what is perhaps one of the single most influential factors that will determine how much sleep a

teenager would typically obtain irrespective of their sleep need or perhaps what is the most clear

determinant that you know of of sleep duration in a teen. Yeah it is

almost exclusively wake time and the reason is is children move into adolescence think of our

school-aged kids who are just bright-eyed and bushy tail every morning they're coming

to your room waking you up before you've had your cup of coffee.

When purity starts, all of a sudden, their natural sleep period, their biological clock,

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