Welcome to Season 5 of Public Health On Call, a podcast from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

I'm Joshua Sharfstein, Vice Dean for Public Health Practice and Community Engagement, and a former

health commissioner here in Baltimore, Maryland.

Our goal with this podcast is to bring scientific evidence and experience to shed light on critical

health issues. If you have questions or ideas for us, please send an email to public health

question at jhhhu.edu. That's public health question at jh.u.edu for future podcast episodes.

Hi, I'm Lindsay Smith-Rogers, producer of public health on call. Today, Stephanie Desmond

talks to Johns Hopkins vaccine experts Anna Durbin and Bill Moss. They discuss what's next for COVID

vaccines from different formulations

beyond MRNA to the development of vaccines that could be administered up your nose. And the

big question, why do we need more vaccines? Let's listen. Anna Durbin and Bill Moss, thanks so much

for joining me. Sure, it's my pleasure.

Thank you, Stephanie.

And I wanted to start with you.

Today we're going to talk about vaccines, give a little update on where we are.

And I guess my question is this.

I keep reading about there's a Novovacs vaccine.

There's a Glaxo-Smithcline-Sinoffi vaccine. Peter Hotez at Baylor College has a vaccine. There's a glass, Glaxo-Smithcline-Sinofi vaccine. Peter Hotez at Baylor College has a vaccine.

Why do we need more vaccines? That's a great question, Stephanie. And I'll say we need more

vaccines for a couple of reasons. One, it's important to remember we're vaccinating the world,

and we need more vaccines to meet that demand.

But I think it's also important to note that there are some people who the current vaccines

...