Hello everyone and welcome to episode 42, English Justice and Angola Normal Island.

Now before we launch into this week's episode, I need to share my excitement. So very recently

I got to go visit Westminster Hall at the House of Parliament. Now look, any of you

are able to make the trip. Or planning to come to London, you just need to make sure

you find a way to get into that place. Westminster Hall has mainly been used as a centre

of justice, from 1097 when it was built by William Roofers until 1882, when the High

God of Justice finally moved away. The sense of history that is just quite stunning. So

I stood on the spot where Charles I stood before his trial, for example. The thing is, there

are plenty of people bustling through the vast space, so it looks a bit like it must have

looked hundreds of years ago in the 14th century, at least it sounds like that, a hubbub

of people talking. And at the 14th century of course, it acquired the roof that it has

now. You really get a great sense of history of the place when you go, so there you go.

Okay, so this week we've got two main subjects, English Justice and Angola Normal Island,

or the start of it. I'm going to start with Ireland. A history of Angola Irish relationships

of course is not happy. And it all starts in Henry's reign. Henry's policy in Ireland

was in all probability not one of conscious territorial expansion, but in the long term

it should probably be considered a failure which ended up in a lot of grief and trouble.

So let's go back a bit before we start. Ireland in the 12th century was a very different

society to England. Its political tradition was tribal, a Celtic tradition of kingship

and fealty, where loyalty was still owed to the tribal leader rather than the land-based

feudal relationships in England. Seven kings ruled over seven kingdoms with many under

kings beneath them. And in turn, these seven kings owed a normal allegiance to one of

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