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Place must be 18 or over. Welcome to a history of Europe, Key Battles, the Battle of Boutene, Part 3 of 3.

In early 1214, a major confrontation was brewing in north-western Europe. On the one side was Philip II, the Capatian King of France, known to his admirers as Philip Augustus.

Since the beginning of his reign in 1180, Philip had not only taken control of large parts of France from the English,

but also strengthened the authority of his crown over many French counties, which had hitherto enjoyed virtual independence.

Opposing him were no less than four high-ranking nobles. hitherto enjoyed virtual independence.

Opposing him were no less than four high-ranking nobles.

First, King John of England, who had spent the last decade demiling heavy taxes to pay for a campaign to recover his French territories.

John was playing a high-risk strategy,

spending all the treasures he had accumulated over the years on the upcoming campaign.

Victory would bring great gains and salvaged John's reputation, but failure would lead to economic disaster and a further worsening of his troubled relationship with his barons.

The stakes were no less high for his ally, the Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV.

Otto was embroiled in a civil war with the young pretender Frederick II,

Horanstaufen, and fast losing support among nobles throughout his lands.

...